Film Summary The Red Balloon Essay Example For Students

Film Summary The Red Balloon Essay Numerous motion pictures convey the desired information using words and pictures, yet The Red Balloon, by Albert Lamorisse, is one of only a handful not many motion pictures who accomplishes this through negligible exchange and deliberate music. This film has plainly won numerous honors. Two of the honors incorporate the Cannes Film Festival Palme d’Or and the Academy Award in 1956. This film merits the honors that it got for some reasons, the fundamental ones being that it had the option to keep the crowd spellbound and holds numerous messages. The motion pictures I watched that were made utilizing for the most part pictures were exhausting. Most of them neglected to keep the crowd snared, aside from this film. This film kept the crowd intrigued all through. Probably the best part about this film, The Red Balloon, is that it holds various measures of images, representations, and implications. How one deciphers these images and illustrations is totally reliant on one’s own â€Å"life experience. † The thoughts that Albert Lamorisse develops for the kid are interminable. The Red Balloon passes on the possibility of seeking after one’s objectives and is a similitude for Jesus’ demise. One of the numerous thoughts that this film holds is having the option to seek after one’s objectives/dreams in spite of the individuals in the public eye who put one down. Toward the start of the film, the kid finds a red inflatable while in transit to class. This is like a light that out of nowhere springs up in one’s head. While in transit to class, he passes a few people who take a gander at him and the inflatable in a shocked manner. This is an analogy for individuals who question a person’s objectives and how effective they will be. Later on in the film, his schoolmates pop the boy’s red inflatable. A statement that is relatable to this circumstance said by Frank Sinatra is, â€Å"Success is the best retribution. † The best vengeance isn't through brutality, yet it is to be effective and demonstrate to them that their endeavors never influenced one’s street to progress. This is relatable to the film in light of the fact that after the red inflatable got popped and â€Å"taken away† from him, he acknowledged that and acquired more †goals/dreams† than what was taken from him. Another saying in the Japanese culture that suits this understanding of the film is, â€Å"Fall multiple times, stand up eight. This implies at whatever point an individual is pushed down or stepped on, that individual must stand up and be more grounded than he/she was previously. In the event that he/she continues falling, get up in light of the fact that soon he/she will be solid to the point that nothing can thump him/her down until the end of time. The fundamental takeawa y of this translation is to follow one’s dream/objective is no fantasy is too huge nor too little to even think about pursueing. Another thought that this film depicts is the demise of Jesus. The most noticeable scene that depicts this thought is close to the furthest limit of the film. Close to the end, a schoolmate steps on the inflatable and executes it. From that point forward, numerous inflatables all over Paris are liberated from their imprisonment and fly towards the proprietor of the kid and the red inflatable. The inflatables then divert the kid up and into the sky. It is said that when Jesus passes on, his kin are liberated, as it was appeared in the film. Another scene that is identified with Catholicism is the point at which the young man and the young lady pass one another and the boy’s red inflatable attempts to draw nearer with the girl’s blue inflatable. The blue inflatable is an image of Jesus’s mother as in the photos she wears blue apparel. There is no forswearing that pieces of this film are strict.

Mendeleev Was Born In Tobolsk, Siberia. He Was The Youngest Child Of A

Mendeleev was conceived in Tobolsk, Siberia. He was the most youthful offspring of an enormous family . his dad was a nearby teacher whose vocation was finished by visual deficiency and o bolster his family his mom ran a glass plant. Mendeleev took in some science from a political evacuee who wedded one of his sisters. His dad passed on in 1847, and not long after his moms processing plant was wrecked by fire. She left Tobolsk with Mendeleev, she was resolved that her last child ought to get decent instruction. He examined science at the University of Saint Petersburg, and in 1859 he was sent to learn at the University of Heidelberg. There he met the Italian scientist Stanislao Cannizzaro, whose sees on nuclear weight impacted his reasoning. Mendeleev came back to Saint Petersburg and became educator of science at the Technical Institute in 1863. He became educator of general science at the University of Saint Petersburg in 1866. Mendeleev was a famous instructor, and, in light of th e fact that awful course reading in science was accessible, he composed the two-volume Principles of Chemistry. He kept in touch with them in the middle of 1868-1870. They turned into a work of art. Mendeleev turned out to be most popular for his improvement of the occasional law of the properties. In Saint Petersburg, Mendeleev examined the occasional law, the structure of arrangements, and the nature and cause of oil. His first occasional table was created in 1871. His new discovers persuaded that three beforehand obscure components existed. He appointed these components and their mixes explicit structures, naming them boron, eka-aluminum, eka-silicon. Scientific expert looked into his discoveries when they were affirmed inside fifteen years. During the composition of this book, Mendeleyev attempted to order the components as per their synthetic properties. In 1869 he distributed his first form of what got known as the intermittent table, in which he exhibited the occasional law. In 1871 he distributed an improved rendition of the occasional table, where he left holes for components that were not yet known. His diagram and speculations increased expanded acknowledgment when three anticipated components were found. The three components were gallium, germanium, and scandium. Mendeleev is recognized as a splendid researcher, a rousing instructor, and a productive essayist. Other than his profession in science, he was keen on craftsmanship, training, and financial matters. A man who was not reluctant to communicate his solid sentiments, in any event, when they may insult others, he was evidently circumvent for a couple of scholastic arrangements and praises in light of his fractious nature. Regardless, his improvement of the intermittent table of components made his notoriety in the science network strong.

Blog Archive GMAT Impact Stress Management (Part 1)

Blog Archive GMAT Impact Stress Management (Part 1) When it comes to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this biweekly blog series,  Manhattan GMAT’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform on test day by using some common sense. Everyone struggles with some amount of anxiety when taking a test like the GMAT, but some people struggle more than others. Stress can also affect your preparation before you ever get to the test centerâ€"if you are too stressed out when studying, this will hurt your ability to make and recall memories. So what can we do to reduce studying and test-taking stress? Know what is coming If you have not already done so, read the first blog post in this series:  In It to Win It. The nutshell: you are not trying to get everything right. Nobody gets everything rightâ€"including me and other 99th percentile testers! Having the right attitude going into the test will help significantly. I like to pretend that I am playing tennis. Nobody expects to win every single point in a tennis matchâ€"that would be silly. But I do expect to win more points than my opponent, and I do not stress out when I lose some points. You will of course need to know what is coming in terms of the formulas and rules and so on. But also know that you are not going to know everything and that is okay. Manage your time well When people try to get everything right, they often mess up the timing. Discovering that you are behind on time just compounds your stress and makes everything worse, so we have to know how to manage time well all the way through the test. We also need to know what to do if we find ourselves in trouble on the timing. Read this article on time management and start incorporating its recommendations into your study right away. Check back in two weeks to read Part 2! Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact

Essay Fictional Character Analysis; Hannibal Lecter

Abnormal Psychology Fictional Character Analysis Hannibal Lecter from â€Å"Hannibal† series Character Description: Hannibal Lecter is the primary character in the â€Å"Hannibal† movie series and will be the subject of psychiatric evaluation for this paper. The series is comprised of 4 films (â€Å"Hannibal Rising†, â€Å"Silence of the Lambs†, â€Å"Red Dragon†, â€Å"and Hannibal†) which follow Lecter’s life from youth to adulthood. Lecter is a white male of average height and weight; he is a brilliant doctor and exceptionally well mannered and educated individual. Hannibal Lecter was born in Lithuania in the year of 1933 to a wealthy, aristocratic family. In the midst of World War II, Hannibal, his parents and younger sister, Mischa, relocated to a cabin in†¦show more content†¦In fact, those with psychiatric personality disorders such as ADP are accountable for over 49% of all crimes; of those with more than 5 crimes, 59% had a severe psychiatric diagnosis. This study found higher levels of crime within groups of people with ADP or other pers onality disorders. The likelihood of an offender having a personality disorder increases as the number of offenses committed increases. (Andre Sourander) Hannibal is a dangerous serial killer and cannibal, responsible for over 20 deaths and also has a severe case of ADP. Childhood trauma is directly associated with patients with Psychopathy/Antisocial Personality Disorder. According to this study by Mesut Cetin which tested a number of Turkish men, patients with ADP reported significantly higher rates of childhood trauma related events. 60.8% of the ADP subjects had at least 1 type of childhood traumatization. Childhood experiences are essential factors of development and directly correlated with the aquiration of ADP and other severe personality disorders. Children with a negative upbringing that experience things such as neglect and abuse are at a much greater risk to develop disorders such as ADP. (Mesut Cetin) This study supports the link between childhood traumas and ADP. Hannibal Lecter undergoes extreme trauma when his family is, murdered and his sister is cannibalized.Show MoreRelatedThere Has Been An Increase In The Proportion Of Persons Who Associate Mental Illness With Dangerousness1675 Words   |  7 Pagestreatable. There are many diff erent definitions of mental illnesses based on peoples’ opinions and experiences. One recognisable reason behind this is the media and the media’s interpretation of the mentally ill in their portrayal of fictional characters. Hannibal Lecter and Patrick Bateman from American Psycho are both primary examples of this – both portrayed mentally ill serial killers and both came across as horrible people. These representations of the mentally ill contribute to the stereotypes

Mercedes Benz Operations Management - 5823 Words

Table of Contents Table of Contents i Executive Summary 1 Part (A) 2 A-I: Operations Management at Daimler Mercedes-Benz 2 Quality Material Management 2 Speed 4 Dependability and Flexibility 6 Cost 6 A-II: Process Management at Daimler Mercedes-Benz 7 Types of Daimler Mercedes-Benz customers 7 Advanced Design Process 8 The Body and paint Shop (Raw Materials and Workers job commitment) 9 The Assembly Line 10 Customer Service Strategy 11 Inventory Management 13 Purchasing and Supply Chain Management 14 The Process Chart 15 A-III: Lean Management in Mercedes Benz 16 Part (B) Capacity Management in Mercedes Benz 19 Part (C) Conclusion and Recommendations 22 Reference List 24 Executive Summary Daimler Mercedes-Benz is one of the most†¦show more content†¦The increasing numbers of sub-model cars can also affect the brand quality through increasing any risk issues once launched to the public. Furthermore, according to (Stephen, 2004) Mercedes customers have high expectations about the high quality promised by the company. In 2003, the company disappointed many customers when they sold over 2000 vehicles with an extra option for a navigation system, which were not ready to be delivered at the right time, also accompanied by other mechanical issues. On the other hand, the company made an announcement about its new high quality hydraulic breaking system, which increased its competitiveness in terms of safety and quality against other competitors in the industry. Our company should make sure that manufacturers deliver products with the highest design specification, in order to be order-winner quality conformance, by delivering products with no defects (Hill and Hill, 2012). Furthermore, improvements in quality lead to a decrease in cost for the company. According to (Evans, 1997) higher quality products lead to a decrease in costs for the company through higher productivity: ‘improvements in quality leads to lower cost because of less re-work, fewer mistakes, fewer delays and snags’ (Evans 1997, P.55). Speed According to (Hill and Hill, 2012), synchronising all supply chain activities through using the same data, and completing production at the scheduled time, coordinated between the manufacturer and suppliers,Show MoreRelatedSystems and Operations Management Mercedes Benz9163 Words   |  37 PagesSystems and Operations Management Mercedes Benz Analysis of the competitiveness of operations management Abhijeet Ghosh, A4060514, MBA Intake 14 (Group B) London School of Business and Finance Table of Content Executive Summary amp; Introduction 3 Product and Services 3 Task 1: Operations Management 4 Operations Strategy 4 Process Design 4 Body Shop 5 Paint Shop 6 Assembly 7 Just in Time 8 Quality Management 8 Innovation and Improvement 9 Supply Chain Management 10 Task 2:Read MoreInternal Environment1051 Words   |  5 PagesENVIRONMENT: ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS Corporate Structure. Mercedes-Benz corporate structure is representing eleven different departments, with an average of four core practice areas in each. Let’s start the discussion of the corporate structure by considering Corporate Communications Department. This department works on cultivating a positive news-media image and manages internal communications to retails. . Whenever Mercedes-Benz owners are in need of answers on their questions, customer serviceRead MoreBmw Competitive Analysis1443 Words   |  6 Pagesbusiness sectors in the global framework for analysis. The Japanese cars are now supplemented by luxury models, such as Lexus Infinity and Acura to compete with European cars made by BMW and Mercedes and Audi. In this analysis, I’m going to develop company profile of BMW and its competitors (Lexus and Mercedes-Benz) per Porters criteria. BMW AG Group BMW AG was founded in 1916. Today the Company is one of Germany’s largest and most successful car and motorcycle manufacturers in the worldRead MoreAnalysis Of Mercedes Benz Company At Uae973 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract: This project is focused on the Mercedes Benz Company. In this report we are going to highlight the use of information systems in Mercedes Benz Company at UAE. The information about the role of information system in an organization and how it helps the managerial authorities to take the decision is also covered briefly in the report. The information systems not only helps in decision making but also helps in reducing the cost and minimizing the risks of the company. Information systems areRead MoreMarketing And Service Management : Mercedes Benz3485 Words   |  14 Pages MARKETING AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT FATIMA MOHAMMED DANMADAMI @OO431319 GLOBAL MANAGEMENT MODULE SUPERVISOR: DR. PETER REEVES Mercedes Benz marketing mix in Nigeria TABLE OF CONTENT Cover page†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 SECTION A Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Marketing†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Marketing mix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Price Product PlaceRead MoreMercedes Benz7662 Words   |  31 PagesSALES MANAGEMENT OF SUBMITTED TO: PROF. PARAG SHAH DATE: 5/4/2011 SUBMITTED BY: DHRUV NIRALBHAI PATEL FSB-1 61250 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The recent growth in the luxury car market in India is much more than mere market dynamics in a particular car segment. It is a reflection of the changing lifestyle of the affluent class in the country. Luxury car majors in India - Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Audi put together have around 85% market share. The German car brand Mercedes-BenzRead MoreOperation Strategy2306 Words   |  10 Pages1. â€Å"Operations can make or break a business†. For an organization, operations include all the activities necessary for the fulfillment of customer requests, not just manufacture, also marketing, HRM, accounting, etc (Slack, Chambers and Johnston 2007, p5). Through operations, business provide products and service by changing inputs to outputs. Operations excellence is fundamental to strategic success. And according to Skinner (1969), operations management (OM) can contribute to better company performanceRead MoreMercedes Benz3029 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction The global company Mercedes-Benz is considered one of the most successful and well-known automotive companies worldwide. Since 1886, the company’s founders Gottlieb Daimler and Carl Benz made history with the invention of the automobile, including the Daimler Group, which is one the biggest producers of premium cars and the world’s biggest manufacturer of commercial vehicles globally (Daimler, 2013). Their main focus is innovation, safety, technology, style, brand image, expansionRead MoreChallenges Facing Emirates Motor Company6080 Words   |  25 Pagesexportation of goods or services. The Emirates Motor Company has for many years engaged in the importation of Mercedes Benz from Germany into the UAE. One of the major challenges that the organization has suffered is lack of sufficient funding. As such, the organization has not been in a position to fully exploit the UAE market. The company also has to deal with high cost of operations. Importation activities require firms to pay for shipping and loading charges for the goods. The importer alsoRead MoreMercedes-Benz Case Study2168 Words   |  9 PagesDiploma in Accounting (DACCF) – Full Time | Operations Management amp; Value Chain (OMVC) – Jan 2013 | Mercedes-Benz | Contents: * Introduction – page 2 * Product Design and Development Process – page 2 * Manufacturing Process and Process Strategy – page 4 * Five Critical Dimensions of Product Quality – page 6 * References – page 9 Introduction Mercedes-Benz  is a multinational division of the manufacturer  Daimler AG from German and the brand is used for luxury

Analysis Of The Book The Iliad Essay - 2279 Words

The first book of the Iliad begins with the beginning of Achilles’ rage, the rage that will eventually cause his own people so much grief and is also the force for Homer’s version of the story of the Trojan War. Whereas the taking of Helen is the focus of the larger, traditional story, the feud between Agamemnon and the hero Achilles over a kidnapped girl defines the Iliad. Both feature a conflict over a woman, Helen and Chryses’ daughter, and a need for resolution as well as a breach of social contract: Paris steals the wife of Agamemnon, ruining the bonds of the guest relationship, while Agamemnon denies Chryse his right to ransom and invokes the wrath of the gods in the form of a plague. In both cases, however, it becomes clear that the conflict will not be resolved quickly, but will continue through the very heart of the story. By â€Å"singing of Achilles’ rage† from the first line, the narrator is clearly showing the audience that this Trojan war is not the war of Hector or Paris or Helen, but of the proud Achilles and his hero-sized enemy. It is interesting to note then, that the argument between Agamemnon and Achilles finds a parallel right at the end of the same book in the fight between Zeus and his wife Hera. This produces a somewhat suprising effect, the first chapter of an epic that is originally about a foreign military campaign is bookended by scenes of internal conflict: dissent within the ranks of the Greek army and a domestic dispute among the immortals. EvenShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Iliad Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesBook 1: If I was a character in the Iliad, I would refuse to fight in this war. I don’t understand how there is not more discontent among the lower hierarchy of the army. I would not see the point of fighting simply to retrieve Menelaus’s ex-wife Helen; is it really worth giving up all of their lives to get her back? I understand that they were also concerned with heroism and honor, but to me fighting over such a simple disagreement doesn’t make much sen se. That aspect, along with the inclusion ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Iliad 965 Words   |  4 PagesSing, goddess, the anger of Peleus’ son Achilleus and its devastation, which put pains thousandfold upon the Achains,† (page 76 lines 1-7)This quote comes Richard Lattimore’s translated version of The Iliad, it tells the reader that Achilles is a man who is capable of great anger, anger that will kill thousands and bring much suffering. You wouldn’t think that a man like that would be able to feel anything but that anger, but in Christopher Logue’s War Music we see, â€Å"a naked man run with what seemsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 12 Of The Iliad 894 Words   |  4 PagesHis True Nature Following the demise of Troy, the Achaean’s mighty fortification is destined to fall not by mere mortal strength, but rather, the selfish act of divine intervention. In Book 12 of the Iliad, Homer’s narration is centralized around the Greek’s mighty fortifications, the fortress that agitates the gods. The author begins the story by describing Zeus’s plans to dismantle the Greek rampart. The author makes the god’s plan manifest when Hector chastises Polydamas for his foresight andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Six Of The Iliad 1362 Words   |  6 PagesAgency Agency can be defined as willed action that is freely taken after deliberation or action taken having a specific purpose behind it. In book six of the Iliad, Hector deals with the struggle of choosing between his familial duties and his public heroic responsibilities. The outcome of this conflict, presented in the passage from book six of the Iliad, represents an agency that is both purposeful and goal directed towards receiving honor. The fact that Hector leaves behind his beloved familyRead MoreThe Iliad : Greeks And Their Love For War1568 Words   |  7 PagesAffourtit Affourtit.2 February 10th, 2017 CLAS1101 The Iliad: Greeks and Their Love for ‘War’ It has long been a popular scholarly opinion that the Greeks in the Iliad were lovers of war and violence. The Greeks were most definitely primal beasts, and blood shedders, a fact made abundantly clear in the Iliad. However, I think that the Greeks were not lovers of war, furthermore I think this interpretation is shortsighted. The amount of violence in the Iliad seems to be evidence for their love of war, butRead MoreA Comparative Analysis of Odysseus and Achilles Essay1207 Words   |  5 PagesA Comparative Analysis of Odysseus and Achilles The Trojan War was more than a series of battles between opposing forces, it was the climax of an age of heroes. The retrieval of Helen brought together many of the mythological characters of that time onto a single stage. Of the thousands of brave men who fought at Ilion, two men stood above the masses, sharing the title of hero. They were born in the line of those on Mt. Olympus, favored by the gods. Excelling in courage and skill, adored by thoseRead MoreExistentialism And Akhilleus : State Of Affairs1182 Words   |  5 PagesState of Affairs in Homer’s Iliad Existentialism is a philosophy that deals with human existence. This philosophy is a complex subject that asks questions about life that include meaning, purpose, choice, morality, ideology, and individuality. When reading other texts one could easily make connections to existential themes within the book’s literary tropes. Occasionally, some books have an overloaded abundance of existential themes. Homer’s Iliad is one of the books that comprise of an abundanceRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Iliad 1382 Words   |  6 PagesRyan Doerhoff History of Greece Dr. Kirkland September 5, 2014 Document Analysis The primary documents that will be focused on in this analysis come from Homer’s Iliad. Homer is venerated today as the greatest of Greek epic poets, as his works had a colossal impact on the history of literature. Through his epics, Homer brings us first hand into the culture of the Greek world in the eighth century B.C. It is important to note that at this time very few had the privilege of an education, and lackedRead MoreHomeric Vs. The Iliad1654 Words   |  7 PagesHomeric View of War in the Iliad Being a milestone for all ancient Greek Literature, the Trojan War was discussed and narrated in many different works, most notably Homer’s epic poem the Iliad. Depicting a classical style of mass battle, Homeric warriors were thus treated equally as fighters, but were disregarded in the text in order to illustrate the sheer power of the heroes and leaders. Every warrior was just another piece of the phalanx, which is why the army was so withstanding of attackRead MoreThe Iliad: Literary Analysis1552 Words   |  7 PagesThe Iliad: Literary Analysis Throughout The Iliad, an epic poem written by Homer, there were numerous warriors and other characters that could be looked upon as heroes; some of these heroes included Achilles, Ajax, Diomedes, Hector, and Glaucus. All of these individuals were heroes because of their remarkable mental and physical strength: they were courageous and were better fighters in war than other ordinary men. The trade of battle was a way of life to the Greeks back in Homer’s time. Children

Entrepreneurship - Innovation and Economic Growth

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Growth. Answer: Introduction Innovation in the recent times can be looked upon to be a new life-line for organizations. This is the reason why the government policy markers across the globe not only emphasize upon taking innovation capacity within their economies, rather they also emphasize upon framing initiatives for encouraging together with providing the required support and resources to provide assistance in the development of an innovation culture in various core industries. So, as a result in the last twenty years, innovation has emerged as a driving force in not only shaping the competition in the business environment but also emerged as a major factor that tends to determine the survival of the companies (Randall, 2008). Moreover, it has also been observed that innovation has made significant contribution towards economic growth and this is mainly because entrepreneurs tend to produce innovation. The concept of entrepreneur as an innovator emphasizes upon underpinning the entrepreneur paradigm that emph asizes upon highlighting the role of entrepreneurs in the innovation process. So, entrepreneurship can be looked upon to be a process of creating something that did not previously exists and this creation proves to be beneficial in value addition to both the community and also to the individual (Hjorth and Steyaert, 2008). Thus, it can be said that innovation is the specific tool of entrepreneurship with the help of which entrepreneurs strive towards exploiting the change as an opportunity for a different business or service. This reveals the fact that there tends to exists a potential overlap between innovation and entrepreneurship. Thus, on the basis of the above aspect, the assignment is based upon analyzing the impact of innovation and entrepreneurship together with the domestic and international factors that tends to affect the business structure and strategy. However, these aspects has been analyzed in context to Whirlpool Corporation that is an American multinational manufacturer and marketer of home appliances and the company has headquarter at Benton Charter Township in Michigan in United States (Whirlpool, 2017). Innovation and Entrepreneurship In the early times, the business organizations use to depend mainly upon their research and development department so that they can develop and launch new and innovative solutions and product ideas. So, it becomes clear that they use to depend mainly upon their developers and researchers so that they can remain competitive and sustain in the market (Piperopoulos, 2011). However, with the passage of time the competition in the business environment has become intense thereby the companies are being forced to make significant changes to their strategies that would prove to be beneficial in the speeding up the process of integration of the new ideas first to the company and then into the market. In this context, it has also been observed that for many years the company used to adopt and follow close innovation methods and this was mainly because of the notion on the part of the business organizations that for successful innovations, the processes should be complied under total control i.e. the business organizations should be in total control of their own ideas starting from the development phase of the innovation to end phase (Drucker, 1985). However with changing trends in the business environment, it became potentially impossible on the part of the business organizations to simply rely upon the innovations that are developed within their own research centers and major constraints include the time pressure for quick market reaction and lack of enough resources dedicated to the research and development. Thus, as a result the companies started feeling the need for adopting new operation models on the basis of open innovation. Open innovation is mainly based upon the principle where ideas and innovations are exchanged between the companies that involves the process of importing external innovations from outside and exporting the unused to other companies who might be in need of such innovations (Wagner, 2012). Relationship between Entrepreneurship and innovation Entrepreneurs can be defined as the individuals who possess the ability of using innovation for exploiting and creating change and opportunity in order to generate revenue and earn profits. Thus, it can be said that there are five key elements makes the entrepreneurs stand aside from managers and leaders. They are: The entrepreneurs tend to create a climate that supports continuous search for high potential business opportunities and exploiting the same with confidence and speed (Bessant and Tidd, 2007). The entrepreneurs emphasize upon framing i.e. what needs to be done, what is the potentiality of the endeavor of becoming profitable and what return on investment can be achieved. The entrepreneur strives towards maintaining a stock of the potentially attractive new business opportunities (Mitra, 2012). The entrepreneurs in order to limit risk adopt options approach and it also proves to be beneficial in creating focus and strategic alignment across the portfolio of initiatives. The entrepreneurs are also capable of prompting adaptive execution. Thus, from the above discussions, it is observed that where entrepreneurs at one hand strive towards analyzing and exploiting new opportunities, they mainly strive towards being innovative in their approach to create and introduce something new. This aspect proves to be important in adding value to the society and also adding value to the existing business to remain competitive and differentiate itself from the competitors. Thus, it can be said that if entrepreneurship and innovation goes hand in hand. Analyzing Whirlpool Corporation in context to Innovation and Entrepreneurship Analyzing the business case scenario of Whirlpool Corporation since late 1990s, it is observed that the company was facing stagnation in revenues, market share and profits and analysis revealed the fact that the major reason behind the above issues on the part of the company was stagnation in the product line of the company. This was again due to the lack of ability on the part of the company to introduce and add innovative products in its product portfolio. So, this creates a demand on the part of the management to think of organizational development incorporating aspects like adopting innovation as core competency, laying the foundation, building the framework and reinventing the corporate culture (George and Lin, 2016). So, this reveals the fact that the business has been suffering from loss of market share, loss of profit and poor performance mainly due to lack of innovation. The analysis of the above situation revealed that, it is only innovation incorporated as a core competency that can ensure the sustainability of the company and this is mainly because with the help of the innovative products, the company can command premium prices and also build and enhance customer loyalty. Moreover, in this context, it can also be said that it would not be possible on the part of the company to adopt innovation as a core competency and thus for this it would be important to develop a culture that would strive towards spurring the growth of the company through customer focused innovation (Audretsch, 2006). Another aspect that can be added here is that, the strategies and initiatives on the part of the company would not prove to be helpful if creativity and innovation is limited to few people within the organization and so it is important that the culture of being creative and innovative should be adopted across the organization thereby motivating and encouraging all the employees to be creative in their approach. It was observed that as has been discussed above, the CEO of the company, Whitwam started innovation in the 1999 and in this process around 25 workers were sent to the head Quarters so that innovation and creativity and emphasized upon. However, this resulted in complete failure making the CEO realize the need for a structured approach. So, he created a new designation i.e. Director, Strategy and Development and Nancy T Synder was appointed at this post and in the year 2000, 75 employees were provided necessary training by the Consultants from Strategies and in the entire process, Whitwam acted supportively. So, when the core group was being trained, Synder emphasized upon involving the global workforce of the company in the initiative with the help of internet and innovative fairs. Moreover, the company also emphasized upon putting the required infrastructure in place and also made an effective use of the Information Technology in order to achieve its objectives, the management proc esses were also re-engineered and IT was also used for enhancing and accelerating the innovation chain. On the other hand, it was observed that the management did not only took decisions and emphasized upon executing the same, rather they involved the employees actively and this was evident from the fact that employees were highly enthusiastic about the innovation initiatives. This was evident from 300000 hits at the KM site every month. The CEO emphasized upon enhancing the employees involvement in innovation process and this facilitated him collecting more practical ideas. New proposals were evaluated and funded by the company in the I-Board meetings and in this context Synder also came up with I-Box in order to ensure that the only the brilliant ideas reaches the I-Board i.e. I-Box acted as a screening tool. Thus, it is observed that under the entrepreneurship of the CEO Whitwam, Whirlpool after falling into a stagnant position started regaining its revenues and this was achieved by promoting and implementing a culture of innovation and creativity throughout the organization. As, a result of the above discussed aspects into context innovation and entrepreneurship at Whirpool Corporation, the company is operating at present as a leading brand consumer product company across the globe and undergone transformation from Sea of White to Embedded Innovation and has also been successful in developing high-margin, stand alone businesses that facilitates the company in leveraging its core competencies and core business infrastructure. Again, on the basis of the above innovation and entrepreneurship base laid by the CEO Witwam, the company is still continuing its innovation (Mazzarol, 2006). This is evident from the fact that the company has undergone an innovative partnership with IBM with the he lp of which the Whirlpool home appliances would be connected with IBM Watson Services that would facilitate the company to collect data regarding how the devices are used out in the real world and these data can be easily accessed by the company with the help of the IBM Cloud (ibm, 2016). So, the company would be facilitated with the opportunity of monitoring and improving the products even after they have been sold and it would facilitate the company to tailor-make the future designs as per the specific usability and requirements of the customers. Conclusion Thus from the above discussions, it can be concluded that innovation and entrepreneurship goes hand in hand and in the fierce competitive business environment of present, innovation is the weapon that allows the company to sustain and grow. References Audretsch, D. (2006).Entrepreneurship, innovation and economic growth. 1st ed. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Bessant, J. and Tidd, J. (2007).Innovation and entrepreneurship. 1st ed. Chichester, England: John Wiley Sons. Drucker, P. (1985).Innovation and entrepreneurship. 1st ed. New York: Harper Row. George, G. and Lin, Y. (2016). Analytics, innovation, and organizational adaptation.Innovation, pp.1-7. Hjorth, D. and Steyaert, C. (2008).The entrepreneur. 1st ed. ibm. (2016).IBM and Whirlpool: an innovative partnership. [online] Available at: https://www.ibm.com/blogs/internet-of-things/whirlpool/ [Accessed 19 Jan. 2017]. Mazzarol, T. (2006).Entrepreneurship innovation. 1st ed. Prahran, Vic.: Tilde University Press. Mitra, J. (2012).Entrepreneurship, innovation and regional development. 1st ed. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Piperopoulos, P. (2011).Entrepreneurship, innovation and business clusters. 1st ed. Farnham: Gower. Randall, R. (2008).Innovation. 1st ed. Bradford, England: Emerald Group Pub. Wagner, M. (2012).Entrepreneurship, innovation and sustainability. 1st ed. Sheffield: Greenleaf Pub. Whirlpool. (2017).Whirlpool: About Us : Business and Operations. [online] Available at: https://www.whirlpool.com/ [Accessed 19 Jan. 2017].

Placing the Pieces Together free essay sample

I may have been born broken, but I grew up placing myself together piece by piece. The back of our burgundy van was packed with blankets, trunks full of clothes, boxed snacks, and my brother and sisters sleepy eyes bundled in their seats.Where are we going, why isnt Dad coming too? I looked up at Mom for an answer. Her cheeks were glistening and tears were puddling in the crevices of her tired face. She didnt need to speak any words. We arrived in front of a big white building with four rows of windows, and a woman came out to help settle us in. It was late fall, and my pink plaid high tops crumbled the leaves beneath them. I looked wide eyed at the tree above and thought, â€Å"I am just like you.† I knew that my family tree was losing all its leaves. I found my high school, Nova, almost three years ago. We will write a custom essay sample on Placing the Pieces Together or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With four jobs and four kids, my mothers ability to get by took priority over my education. I had to decide to make it my own priority and through Nova I was able to create, structure, and pave my own unique road to learning. I took Womens Seminar, where together we found how to love and celebrate our bodies in a culture that gives us one image of beauty. I grew through activism by breaking social norms that thrive off of racial profiling and narrow expectations of femininity and masculinity, and I found ways to maneuver socially and financially in a patriarchal culture. I chose to break the gender roles assigned to me by not shaving my body, praising rather than hiding my curves, and seeking higher education and knowledge independently rather than staying at home to cook, clean, procreate, and live a life that I felt would not suit me. I found my passions because I was actually given the opportunities to freely do so. I took a class called Earth Justice and found the crucial importance of sustainability for our worlds future. I designed an ecologically smart apartment building that uses a green-only system, as well as a zine packed full of DIY projects to make out of recycled items. I built myself around a community I made a family out of, and through my classes I developed a love of philosophy that keeps me continually asking questions. I moved out on my own a year ago. Not because I had to, or got myself into trouble, but because it was time that I started taking care of my mother by taking care of myself. I knew I had hard working hands and legs that moved so I put them to work. I kept a stable job baking 40 hours a week, going to class, paying rent, bills, and made sure there was food in mine and my puppys belly before we curled up together and fell asleep at night. Without Nova, none of this would have been possible. I was able to shape and balance my school work with my life at home, and finish what needed to get done in both places. A few years back I walked down the street to the shelter I spent the beginning years of my life in. The front entrance was filled with trees. Big, brown trees full of life and green leaves each filled with experience, wisdom and stories of the roots they grew from. Still like them, my roots shape who I am and will keep me sturdy and grounded in my adventure through life.

A Raisin in the Sun Essay

A Raisin in the Sun Essay A Raisin in the Sun was an awesome book about many things. It was about a black family struggling with economic hardship and racial prejudice. This play showed the importance of family, the value of dreams, and about racial discrimination. The further the play went the more there was to learn from the Youngers. All of the members of the Younger family had dreams and visions which could either break or make there family depending on what they chose. Even though every member of the Younger family had a dream there dreams were very different from each other. Mama’s dream was for her to have a nice house with a garden in the back yard just like her and her husband wanted. She felt that her dream would help out the whole family, because they could take care of Travis better and he could grow up in a better neighborhood and become a great man. Lena was the only one looking out for the family instead of thinking about herself except for Ruth. She wasn’t part of the blood family, but she wanted the best for everybody. She agreed with Lena. The only thing she wanted was the abortion of the future child that she had recently found out she was having. Beneatha wanted to know about herself. She wanted to know where she came from. She wanted to know more about the â€Å"homeland†. She wants to be a doctor and represent the country from which she came. The one whose dream affected the whole family was Walter’s dre am. He wanted to make a lot of money, and he figured he had a full proof plan to do it. He wanted to invest into a liquor store with a couple of buddies of his, not knowing that this was probably the biggest mistake of his life. Which phrase can express the meaning of â€Å"a real life  journey† through a story â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun†? A real life journey is referred as â€Å"use of space†. It is divided into three elements: city, wild, and place. City is a symbolic city, which represents something else rather than the city. Wild is the place where people learn their life lessons. Rural is the final settlement for their life. What is the main message from these three elements? City is a symbolic city. It is temporary and artificial. The Younger’s family lives in a poor condition, three generations in a small apartment. They do not want to stay in this poor living condition. It is too crowded for their family. They are tired of the small apartment because â€Å"They have clearly had to accommodate the living of too many people for too many years- and they are tired† (Madden 286). They share bathroom with another family on the same floor. Hansberry writes that â€Å"The child, a sturdy, handsome little boy [†¦] goes out to the bathroom, which is in an outside hall and which is shared by another family or families on the same floor† (287). Can one big check change this poor condition? The check represents big Walter’s life and belongs to mother, Lena. Although they know that the check will come on Saturday, somehow, Younger’s family becomes very exciting. In the early Friday morning, Walter asks Ruth that â€Å"Check c oming today?† (Madden 288). Ruth replies to him, â€Å"They said Saturday and this is just Friday and I hope to God you ain’t going to get up here first thing this morning† (Madden 288). Even little boy Travis asks his mother on Friday morning, â€Å"Mama, this is Friday. (Gleefully.) Check coming tomorrow, huh?† (Madden 289). The family expects the check. Everyone in the family has his or her own plan to use the check except mother, Lena. Walter wants to use the part of money to invest little liquor store. He said to Ruth, â€Å"Yeah. You see, little liquor store we got in mind cost seventy-five thousand and we figured the initial investment on the place [†¦]. Course, there’s couple of hundred you got to pay so’s you don’t spent your life just waiting for them clowns to let your license get approved† (Madden 292). This liquor store seems his dream and future. Beneatha also counts on this check. She wants to use this money to pay her college tuition. She said to Walter, â€Å"What do you want from me, Brother- that I quit school or just drop dead, Which!† (Madden 295). Beneatha has already made up her mind but her mother has not yet. Lena plans to use some money for Beneatha education. She said to Ruth, â€Å"I ain’t rightly decided. [†¦] Some of it got to be put away for Beneatha and her schoolin† (Madden 298). Like all other mothers, she will support and pay her children education. On Friday, Lena can not help thinking his husband all the time. She talks about their dream. She said to Ruth, â€Å"I remember just as well the day me and Big Walter moved in there. [†¦]. We was going to set away, little by little [†¦]. But lord, child, you should know all the dream I had ’bout buying that house and fixing it up and making me a little garden in the back- (she waits and stops smiling.) And didn’t none of it happen† (Madden 299). She feels sad becaus e her husband dead. When the check comes on Saturday, Lena does not open it right away. She is staring at it while, â€Å"She finally makes a good strong tear and pulls out the thin blue slice of paper and inspects it closely† (Madden 313). This light check appears to be heavy to her, because this check represents her husband life. She is still missing him. She, of course, will not want to use this money to invest a liquor store. Lena firmly said to Walter, â€Å"I’m sorry ’bout your liquor store, son. It just was’t the thing for us to do. That’s what I want to tell you about† (Madden 315). However, her son does not understand it and do what he wants until he loses all his investing money. Though there are many opportunities through the people’s life, it is important to make good decisions and take good opportunity with less risk. Wild is the place where people learn their life lessons.  Younger’s family learns one of their life lessons during moving day. Mrs. Johnson is a black lady and a neighbor of Younger’s family. She comes to their apartment and brings a newspaper with â€Å"NEGROES INVADE CLYBOURNE PARK – BOMBED† (Madden 332). She wants their family to stay at their community and not to move to the white society. She is a jealous woman, but she represents a voice of the Africa-America community. Contrast to Mrs. Johnson, Mr. Lindner is a white man and represents the white community of Clybourne Park. He introduces â€Å"I am a representative of the Clybourne Park improvement association† (Madden 339). He tries to persuade them not to move into their white community. They worry that the Younger’s family will bring trouble to the white community and reduce the quality of the community. Mr. Lindner said, â€Å"We feel that most of the trouble in this world, when you come right down to it† (Madden 341). He thinks that black people should live in their community and would be happy in their community. Mr. Lindner suggests that â€Å"[†¦] our Negro families are happier when they live in their own communities† (Madden 341). The Younger’s family has to deal with the real pressure. This pressure comes from the real world and is reflected through the real people. Walter learns his life lessons when Bobo tells him that his investing money is gone. This is disaster news for him. For him, this money means his dream and his future. Now, suddenly, all money has gone. He, of course, will get very angry and panic. He cries hard like kids. Hansberry describes that â€Å"He is wandering around, crying out for Willy† (347). Though it is a terribly painful moment, it helps him to think why it happens, how it happens, and what he is going to do. He thinks deeply at the moment. He totally changes his behaviors. He becomes calm a nd quiet, no drunk and no smoking. He lies on the bed in the apartment. Hansberry describes that â€Å"At left we can see Walter wither his room, alone with himself. He is stretched out on the bed, his shirt out and open, his arms under his head. He does not smoke, he does not cry out, he merely lies there, looking up at the ceiling, much as if he were alone in the world† (349). A deep thinking helps Walter building up the strength inside him. He learns the lesson from his failure. Walter tells his mother that â€Å" He’s taught me something. He’s taught me to keep my eye on what counts in this world [†¦] Thanks, Willy!† (Madden 345). Now he looks on the world in a totally different way. He begins to stand up like a man and behavior like a man and think like a man. He said to his mother and his sister that â€Å" Someone tell me –tell me, who decides which women is supposed to wear pearls in this world. I will tell you I am a man- and I think my wife should wear some pearls in this world!† (Madden 355). This is important change. Walter gets supports from his mother. She teaches him that they live here for freedom and not for money. They have to stand up on their feet in this world, nerve shame themselves and never dead inside their mind. She said, â€Å"Son- I come from five generations of people who was slaves and sharcroppers- but ain’t nobody in my family never let nobody pay’em no money that was a way of telling us we wasn’t fit to walk the earth. We ain’t never been that poor. [†¦]We ain’t never been that- dead inside† (Madden 355). The life is not always easy, but it is important to deal with and to learn from it. Rural means that all conflicts are resolved. Walter becomes a real man. When Mr. Lindner comes to their house again, Walter tells Mr. Lindner is that their family is a hard working family as same as other families in his community. In the story, Hansberriy writes that â€Å" I have worked as a chauffeur most of my life- and my wife here, she domestic work in people’s kitchens. So does my mother† (madden 357). Walter also wants Mr. Lindner to know that they are good people and they are proud themselves. He said, â€Å"[†¦] we come from people who had a lot of pride. I mean- we are very proud people† (Madden 358). He wants Mr. Lindner to understand that they have worked hard to achieve their life goal since his father. His father had worked hard for most of his life. They decide to move into this house because of his father. Walter tells Mr. Lindner their final decision, â€Å"we have decided to move into our house because my father- my father- he earned it f or us brick by brick† (Madden 358). Finally, Walter mentions to Mr. Lindner that the white community does not need to worry about their family. They will not bring troubles to the community whereas they will be good neighbors for the community. They do not want the community money. The community money can not represent his father’s life. In the story, Walter said, â€Å" We don’t want to make no trouble for nobody or fight no causes, and will try to be good neighbors. And that’s all we get to say about that. [†¦] We don’t want your money† (Madden 358). After going through the conflict, Walter builds up his confidence and finds his identity. As a mother, Lena is proud to see her children learning their life and becoming the man and the woman. She said, â€Å"they something all right, my children† (Madden 359). Beneahta decides to go to Africa and practices there as a doctor. She wants finding her African root in there. She tells he r mother and her brother that â€Å"To go to Africa, Mama- be a doctor in Africa† (Madden 359) and â€Å"To practice there† (Madden 359). Lena is very happy to see her son finally growing up as a man. She said that â€Å"He finally come into his manhood today, didn’t he? Kind of like a rainbow after the rain† (Madden 360). She is also proud of herself and her husband because their dream becomes true. They own the house and have a good happy family. The â€Å"use of space† presents the real life of the Younger’s family. In the story â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun†, the Younger’s family improves the living condition from poor to good through their hard working. The family experiences the stresses and the conflicts inside the family and outside the society. They are satisfied with their choice and enjoy the new life. Their life experience is just like â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun†. This new home was the only thing that could truly bring his family back together. This home brought a problem in their family that only them together could get them out of. Mr. Linder came to offer them money not to move into their new house. At this point they were at a compromising position. It sounded really good for them to go on and sell the house, but Lena knew that they couldn’t give in to the racial discrimination that they held up to in the previous scene. Walter wanted to get the money back so he could try to redeem himself, but Lena wanted him to become like his father and do the right thing and that’s what he did. He brought the family back together when he said, â€Å"We have decided to move into our house because my father- my father- he earned it for us brick by brick. We dont want to make no trouble for nobody or fight no causes, and we will try to be good neighbors. And thats all we got to say about that. We dont want your money.† (Act 3) This is when everybody believe that Walter has become a man like his father and the family came together against racism and moved into their new home. From ten thousand dollars to zero dollars the Youngers have learned how important each member of the family is no matter what the circumstance and that standing together they could fight and problem even racial discrimination. Another thing that the Youngers have tought the readers are that dreams and visions are very important. Some are better than other and the ones that are better may be the ones that take the most away. Even thought Walter lost all of the money he still became a man like his father and took the responsibility of making up for it. He did just like his momma raised him to do, and that was to fight what he believed in. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on A Raisin in the Sun topics from our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with high-quality custom written papers.

Debate the thoeries of Accounting for stock options Research Paper

Debate the thoeries of Accounting for stock options - Research Paper Example Fair value model, lattice model and finally minimum value method which is based upon the someone’s willingness to purchase a call option on a share of stock at the current fair value of the stock with the right to postpone payment of the exercise until the end of the options period, ignoring the volatility of the underlying stock in valuation calculation. This has necessitated the emergence of alternative incentive methods to premium cash thus employee stock options. Any stock option with exercise price higher than the price of the underlying stocks at the exercise date are exchanged for new ones with lower exercise price because companies have to account for the stock issued to their employees. But the companies have to account for them although they do not incur any costs to grant the options. Guides and standards on how such transactions are accounted for in the books of the company have to be provided. Stock option compensation that needs to be looked at is the backdating of employee stock option and how it affects the company. Agency theory argues that compensation policy should provide management with incentives to select and implement actions that add shareholder wealth. Discussion Pertaining the use of the intrinsic value method of accounting for stock options, a company is to value stock options based on their intrinsic value at that juncture they were granted. Intrinsic value refers to the difference between the stock’s market price on the grant date and also including the exercise price at which the employees can use the option to purchase stock. Incase the stock’s market price is slightly higher than the option exercise price, therefore, the stock option’s value is the difference between the two. Realizing the shortcomings of the method there is need to look for a more comprehensive and efficient method of stock options .By using this method it will result in no compensation expense since we grant employees options with e xercise prices same as the fair market value of the underlying stock at the time of the grant. Fair value was encouraged to be used but it was not a mandatory requirement to be used by the companies as stipulated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). The fair value accounting approach valued stock options basing on various factors that establish the underlying value. This is because the companies are to outlay for option grants based on the fair value of the options that were expected to vest on the date it granted them. In December 2004, FASB issued a Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (Statement) No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment. Statement 123(R) replaced Statement 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, and was consequently effective for public companies as of July 1, 2005. It was effective for non-public companies as of January 1, 2006. The company had an option of either using Black-Schole option pricing model or the binomial option so as to come up with the options fair value. However, if the company continues with the intrinsic value of the approach they required to avail additional closure in the footnotes to their financial on what the expenses would have been with fair value approach. Under Statement 123, the company is only allowed to disclose information on the effects

What effects does parental involvement have on low income families or Annotated Bibliography

What effects does parental involvement have on low income families or Does parental involement have an effect on educational achievement - Annotated Bibliography Example including economic demographics, genetic predispositions, overall intelligence, and social factors, like parental involvement. The latter is a fascinating element. A parent’s active involvement in their children’s schooling can have a profound positive impact. There is however, a balance that needs to be achieved; after all too much parental involvement can be detrimental, depending on how that involvement is applied. The articles reviewed for this discussion allow for a thorough and balanced perspective on the topic. These sources, as a whole, were not particularly difficult to obtain. Google search provided a number of online accessible journal sources, simply, by applying the keywords, â€Å"parental involvement and student achievement.† Combined together these sources give a broader area of research and contributes to understanding of the relevant facts and allow for an unbiased viewpoint to answer the applicable questions of this issue. This article intended to determine how relevant parental involvement, or lack of, truly has on elementary school age children in the 1st, 3rd and 5th grades. The authors propose that, although, the immense amount of research has shown that parental involvement is imperative, hugely impactful, and should be encouraged, most research cannot say with absolutely certainty that involvement effects overall academic achievement.(El Nokali, Bachman & Votruba-Drzal, 2010) There is a definite correlation between less â€Å"bad† classroom behavior due to parental involvement and can aid in social development, but not directly on academic achievement. This article is a very interesting source. It is useful in that it approaches the correlation between parental involvement and academic achievement with a skeptical eye. Parental involvement is important and should be recommended, but it may not be a guarantor that it will ensure a

Australian Prime Ministers-Sir John Kerr Essay Example for Free

Australian Prime Ministers-Sir John Kerr Essay Sir John Kerr was an eminent lawyer. He was the 13th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New South Wales and the 18th Governor-General. He is best known for being the controversial figure at the centre of the dismissal of the Labor government of Gough Whitlam on 11 November 1975, an event which sparked the most significant constitutional crisis in Australian history. On that day Kerr dismissed Prime Minister Whitlam and appointed Malcolm Fraser to form a caretaker government, pending elections. The dismissal was the most dramatic event in the history of Australian federal politics. For the first time since Federation, the unelected representative of the Queen had removed a government which commanded a majority in the House of Representatives. The Dismissal, as it is known, remains a highly controversial event in Australian political history. Kerr was born in 1914 in Balmain, a then working-class suburb of Sydney, where his father was a boiler-maker. After studying at Fort Street High School he graduated in law from the University of Sydney and became a barrister in 1938. At Fort Street, Kerr met Dr H V Evatt, later to become a High Court judge. As a prominent lawyer, Kerr was known for representing trade union clients and had strong ties to the Australian Labor Party. At one stage, in the 1950s, he even intended to stand for parliament as a Labor candidate. In the 1960s Kerr was promoted to other judicial positions (as well as working for a government intelligence agency), and in this period his political leanings became more conservative. He became close with Sir Garfield Barwick, the Liberal Attorney-General who had become the Chief Justice of the High Court in 1964. Kerr was appointed Chief Justice of New South Wales in 1972, and when Sir Paul Hasluck retired as Governor-General in July of 1974, Prime Minister Whitlam recommended to the Queen that Kerr take up the position. It has been said that Whitlam seemed to have faith in Kerrs political reliability due to his former membership in the Labor Party. However, Kerrs political views had changed over time and he had come to see the role of governor-general in a different way from Whitlam. The Whitlam Labor Government had come to power in December 1972 after 23 years of Liberal/Country Party coalition rule. Campaigning on the slogan Its Time, the ALP seemed to have the support of the nation, although in reality their margin of victory was relatively narrow. Whitlam was the first of a new type of Labor prime minister. He put in place a number of progressive legislative proposals, implementing free education policies, reaching out to Asia and breaking with the US on foreign policy. His approach, however, did meet with some resistance. The Senate, with great determination opposed and rejected some of Whitlams key legislative proposals. This included Bills designed to institute a free health insurance system; to provide Senate representation for the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory; to reform the organisation of electorates; and to allow the government to oversee the mining of oil and minerals. The repeated rejection of Whitlams bills led to the calling of a double dissolution election, in which all members in both Houses are up for re-election. A political scandal also forced the election. Prior to the double dissolution election, Whitlam maneuvered to create an extra Senate vacancy in Queensland by offering a sitting senator, Vince Gair, an ambassadorship. Whitlam hoped Labor could win the vacant seat and take control of the Senate. The so-called Gair Affair infuriated the Opposition, who threatened to block supply in the Senate, which meant exercising its power to reject or defer appropriation or money bills. It is a constitutional necessity that the government be allocated money by the parliament through the passing of annual appropriation bills. These bills give the government the money it needs to govern the country and to run parliament for the financial year. In response to these blockages and hoping to secure his position with a strong re-election, Whitlam went to the then Governor-General Hasluck, and gained the double dissolution election which was held in May of 1974. The Whitlam government was re-elected, although with a reduced majority, and the Senate continued to present an obstacle the agenda of the government. During 1975, the Government also was involved in the Overseas Loans Affair. The Whitlam government had a number of plans it needed funded. These included the construction of a natural gas pipeline, the electrification of interstate railways and a uranium enrichment plant. Some of Whitlams ministers seeked to raise an overseas loan of $4 billion to fund these projects, but rather than go to the usual American and European sources, they seeked financing from the oil-rich Middle East. A Pakistani broker was used to secure the loan and the entire process was considered questionable by members of the government, media and public. In the end, no loan was ever gained and no broking commissions paid, but Whitlams government was made to look reckless and foolish. In the face of economic difficulties and the political impact of the Loans Affair, Whitlam remained vulnerable throughout 1975. After a series of resignations in 1975, Opposition Leader Malcolm Fraser announced that the Opposition would use its numbers in the Senate to block supply until Whitlam called another election. Whitlam refused, and this confrontation was followed by several weeks of constitutional crisis, which raised a number of crucial questions about Australian democracy and the roles of the House of Representatives and Senate in the Australian system. Governor-General Kerr took an active interest in the crisis and became convinced of the need to dismiss Whitlam from office. In a later statement, Kerr said he believed that it was the democratic and constitutional solution to dismiss a prime minister who could not guarantee supply and to let the Australian people decide the conflict. Kerr sought the advice of his friend Chief Justice Barwick, who endorsed the legality of the action on Monday, 10 November 1975. On Tuesday 11 November 1975 (Remembrance Day), Whitlam proposed calling a half-Senate election, but the Governor-General rejected this proposal and instead, officially dismissed Whitlam from power. Fraser was asked to step in as a caretaker prime minister. A double dissolution election was held on 13 December of that year. Although the House of Representatives passed several motions of confidence in the Whitlam Government and instructed the Speaker, Gordon Scholes, to send this message to Kerr, the governor-general was steadfast in his decision. Scholes subsequently wrote to the Queen, who replied that there was no place for her involvement or interjection in an internal Australian political conflict. At the 13 December election, Frasers Liberal-National coalition was elected with a large margin. For Whitlams supporters the events of November 1975 were shocking and an abuse of the governor-generals power. In Kerrs statement of reasons for the dismissal, he made the case that he was simply doing his job to uphold democracy, stating that The decisions I have made were made after I was satisfied that Mr Whitlam could not obtain supply. No other decision open to me would enable the Australian people to decide for themselves what should be done. In the wake of the Dismissal, Kerr remained a controversial figure for the rest of his life. Due to a public problem with drinking he was later forced to resign as the Australian Ambassador to UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). He lived in England for some years and died on 7 April 1991. After another defeat in 1977, Whitlam resigned from parliament. Malcolm Fraser went on to be Prime Minister for almost eight years until his defeat by Bob Hawke in 1983. The Dismissal remains a controversial subject in the history of Australian politics, and is particularly relevant to happening debates about Australia becoming a republic and further empowering the Head of State. The constitutional and political effects of the Dismissal remain of importance to anyone interested in Australian politics and the structures of power in Australia.

The Turning Point of World War II - The Battle of Midway Essay example

World War II, along with its numerous battles, brought great tension between two of the strongest countries during the 1940s: the United States and Japan. Conflict between these two countries started with Japan’s push past Chinese borders into Manchuria in search of the natural resources Japan lacks. At first, the United States avoided military action with Japan by waging economic warfare on them. This economic pressure included the passing of the Neutrality Act, which prohibited the sale of weapons to nations at war (Nash 513). Additionally, the United States placed oil embargoes on Japan hoping it would force Japan to shut down military operations in China. Japan, at a critical decision point, decided to bomb the American naval base at Pearl Harbor. On December 7th, 1941 at 6 a.m., Japan pilots bombed the naval base at Pearl Harbor, taking out the United States’ strongest battleships, killing thousands of people, and destroying hundreds of planes (Sherman). The day a fter Pearl Harbor, the United States declared war on Japan. Over the next few years, the United States and Japan fought fierce battles for dominance in the Pacific Ocean. One of the most important battles during the United States and Japanese war was the Battle of Midway. Japan was destroying the United States at sea, until the Battle of Midway gave the United States Pacific Fleet an edge on Japanese forces. The Battle of Midway was the most important naval engagement of World War II: it was a decisive battle that allowed the United States to be the dominant naval power in the Pacific and it marked a turning point in World War II for the United States. The motive for Japan’s plan to attack Midway Island was to claim dominant power over the Pacific Ocean and to... ...ary B. American Odyssey: The United States in the 20th Century. New York, 2002. 513. Print Newark, Timothy. Turning the Tide of War: 50 Battles That Changed the Course of Modern History. London: Hamlyn, 2001. 112-15. Print. Nicholas, Walter. Interviewed by Lewis G. Schmidt. Interview with Walter Nicholas. 10 October 1989. Web. 14 March 2014. â€Å"Now It’s the Japanese Who Will ‘Remember Pearl Harbor’.† Daily Boston Globe 7 June 1942: D1 ProQuest. Web. 13 March 2014. â€Å"Pacific Situation Declared Eased by Battle of Midway.† Los Angeles Times 10 June 1942: 2 ProQuest. Web. 13 March 2014. Sherman, Frederick â€Å"Sherman Tells Inside Story of Midway Battle.† Historical Newspaper. ProQuest Historical Newspaper. ICONN. Web. 17 March 2014. Symonds, Craig. â€Å"Mitscher and the Mystery of Midway.† June 2012: 46. History Reference Center. EBSCOhost. Web. 18 March 2014.

Eastern Tobacco Company Essay

Introduction Why the Eastern Tobacco Company in Egypt is an example of monopolistic competition? Eastern Tobacco Company is known as the largest tobacco producer in Egypt. The company produces different products such as cigarettes, molasses tobacco, pipe tobacco and cigars (Oxford Business Group, 2008). Additionally, it produces other products that are related to cigarettes. These may include homogenized and filter rods tobacco (Owen & Pamuk, 1998). Their entire products are divided into two categories. These may include local and export products. The company is known as the largest company producing large amount of tobacco in Egypt Thus, it faces stiff competition by local and international companies that produces tobacco. Eastern Tobacco Company is an example of monopolistic competition (Owen & Pamuk, 1998). This is due to the fact that all tobacco industry is categorized in monopolistic competition. One of the viable reasons that make Eastern Tobacco Company to be categorized in monopolistic competition is the fact that there are quite a large number of companies that are producing the same products; however, they have differentiated them. This means that all companies under tobacco sector are satisfying the market demand for tobacco (Solow, 1999). Another reason that makes Eastern Tobacco Company to be a good example of monopolistic competition is the fact that it brings out differentiated products that are reasonably close substitutes for each other (Oxford Business Group, 2008).   For instance, the company brings into the market different types of cigarettes. These may include homogenized and filter rods cigarettes. It also produces different types of tobacco, for instance, molasses tobacco, pipe tobacco. Thus, the company has one of the characteristics of firms that are categorized in the group of monopolistic competition. Due to the fact that products are of close substitutes, there can be any reduction of price. This can be seen in Eastern Tobacco Company as they can be in a position to reduce the price of their products (Owen & Pamuk, 1998). This helps them to attract large number of customers and thus, they are perceived as the largest company in Egypt producing tobacco. One of the major characteristics of monopolistic competition is the fact that there are a large number of sellers (Solow, 1999). They tend to sell differentiated products. This can be evidenced in tobacco industry, as there is quite number of sellers that sell different types of tobacco. For instance, many local companies are selling same products as Eastern Tobacco Company. Thus, there is a different seller that sells tobacco like Eastern Tobacco Company. This means that Eastern Tobacco Company have achieved this characteristics of monopolistic competition where many sellers selling differentiated products dominate the industry. Eastern Tobacco Company does not have price competition. This is due to the fact that the company has the freedom to win over its entire customers. For instance, large number of customers prefers Eastern Tobacco Company as they offer after sales services. This is a situation where a buyer purchases large tonnes of tobacco and the company offers to take them to his or her home. Offering after sales services is one way that Eastern Tobacco Company uses to attract large number of customers. From the above point of view, it is clearly evidenced that Eastern Tobacco Company has all characteristics that monopolistic competition is associated with. Thus, it can be classified as a good example of monopolistic competition. For instance, the company has similar products but has differentiated them to different brands. These may include molasses tobacco, pipe tobacco (Oxford Business Group, 2008). Therefore, it is an example of monopolistic competition. References Owen, E. R. J., & Pamuk, S. (1998). A history of Middle East economies in the twentieth century.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   London: I.B. Tauris Publishers. Oxford Business Group. (2008). The Report: Emerging Egypt 2008. London: Oxford Business Group. Solow, R. M. (1999). Monopolistic competition and macroeconomic theory. Cambridge [u.a.:   Ã‚  Ã‚   Cambridge Univ. Press.   

Critically Comment On Some Of The Various Forms Of Commitment To The Organization - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2492 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Critical essay Level High school Did you like this example? A key aspect of the management task is to secure employee commitment to the organisation. Critically comment on some of the various forms of commitment and outline the problems involved in gaining employee commitment to an organisation. Introduction Employee commitment is a crucial ‘work attitude (Morris et al, 1993:22). It has been defined in several similar ways to emphasise its behavioural and psychological moorings. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Critically Comment On Some Of The Various Forms Of Commitment To The Organization" essay for you Create order For instance: a stabilizing force that acts to maintain behavioural direction when expectancy/equity conditions are not met and do not function (Locke, 1976: 1298) and; â€Å" a psychological state that binds the individual to the organization (Allen Meyer, 1990:4). The level of commitment relates to several aspects such as satisfaction, turnover, cognitive resonance between different hierarchical levels, and performance on the job (Kreisman, 2002). The complexity in and importance of understanding employee commitment thus makes it a key feature of managerial task. This essay examines the body of knowledge from past research to reflect on such commitment and issues in harnessing it. Forms of Employee Commitment There has been extensive work in the area of dimensionality or typology of employee commitment (e.g. Vandenberg and Scapello, 1994; Williams and Hazer, 1986; Johnson and Yang 2010). This is drawn from, and has also in turn informed the understanding difficulties in gaining managerial commitment. Employees maybe committed for different reasons and thus different forms of commitment need to be contextualised. There is considerable overlap in the ‘architecture of forms posited by different writers as they have come to grips with this concept that is crucial for organisational performance (e.g. Bennett, 2000; Meyer et al., 2004). The three dimensional framework presented by Meyer and Allen (1997) and taken further the workplace model of Meyer and Herscovitch (2001), are central to most conceptualisations presented in extant research. The three dimensional framework posited the following as dimensions based on employee mind-sets: 1. Affective commitment: Is understoo d as the employees constructive emotional bonding to the organisation. Such an employee strongly associates himself/ herself with organisational goals and seeks to stay with the organisation because he/she wishes to do so. 2. Continuance commitment: Here the emotional quotient is largely moot and the employee perceives it to be very costly to lose organisational membership. This could be for a host of reasons right from financial costs of salary and benefits to social costs of ties and reputation. Such an employee stays with the organisation because he or she is tied in. 3. Normative commitment: There is an obligatory notion at play here. The employee feels to return the value commitments made in him/ her by the organisation. The loyalty aspect is strong- either due to individualised value perceptions that direct behaviour or due to social norms that apply to the context and relate with the environment the organisation belongs to. The fundamental basis of distinguishi ng between these is that they have very contrasting impacts on/ implications for behaviour (Meyer et al, 2004). This behaviour in turn has very important implications for the work environment and subsequent performance. Extant research indicates that affective commitment is strongly associated with not only job performance, but also with organisational citizenship, and often is a precursor to normative commitment. Continuance commitment is negatively associated with these aspects and usually needs to be moderated in favour of the other two forms of commitment (Johnson and Yang, 2010; Morris et al, 1993). This assertion also suggests that while all three forms of commitment are useful to operationalise they need to be scoped and balanced carefully. Employee commitment: The Pillars of Conceptualisation Another significant development in understanding employee commitment has been the approach to directing commitment towards specific targets or â€Å"foci†, that relate to employee behaviour at workplace (Johnson and Yang, 2010:230; Meyer et al, 2004:998). The theorisation in the area of employee commitment thus stands on two pillars- that of form and of focus. There is an arguably third pillar that is about the â€Å"bases of commitment† (Allen and Meyer, 1990: 3). These bases refer to factors that lead to development of the aforementioned forms of commitment. For instance, affective commitment can seem to be developed based on alignment of individual values with organisational values, and extent of personal involvement. On the other hand, normative commitment can be seen to be a function of social processes and cultural orientation that orients individuals towards reciprocation (Bennett, 2000). Continuous commitment which is a contrast to these two more constru ctive forms of commitment is a function of stakes that an employee builds in, or employee investment in a course of action (Meyer et al, 2004). The essence of conceptualisation around employee motivation is thus about variables of ‘form, ‘foci and of ‘bases. Recent work has tried to integrate commitment and motivation theories. This is to posit that there is a recursive and mutually enabling relationship between the two (Johnson and Yang, 2010). The contribution of this research has been to embed commitment as a subset of motivation and explain how â€Å"employees relationships with social foci influence behaviour relevant to the foci† (Meyer et al, 2004: 1003). Such integration provides for levers to augment commitment by providing variables such as goal choice, self-efficacy and goal directedness. It is particularly useful in developing the directional paradigm that is associated with commitment towards tasks or ‘foci (Johnson and Yang, 2010 ; Lawson and Price, 2003). Good Practice Prescriptions for Managers Such recent research has also followed up on Meyer et al, (2004) call for examining the motivation and commitment nexus to operationalise and deliver practice relevant levers for employee commitment. Johnson and Yang (2010) provide a perspective in this light by explicitly pinning down different motivations that influence the different forms of commitment. Their empirical analysis provides a model that can predict behavioural response to initiatives directed towards augmenting, reinforcing or balancing the different forms of motivations. Based on work that seeks to identify levers behind employee commitment the following practice relevant aspects can be identified for improving commitment (e.g. Vandenberghe et al, 2007). †¢ Clarity in communication about how organisational goals align with individual goals. This calls for the right-kind of â€Å"capacitated middle managers (Shibata et al, 1991). †¢ Building a legacy, and working on developing value based pr actices that see the organisation as a function of its members. †¢ Developing a trusting environment where communication is seen, heard and decisions are perceived as being fair. †¢ Building a community structure around work processes and across disciplinary areas- where people share and relate to their team and the broader organisational context. †¢ Enrich employee development on the job and through the job. This is by a reward and challenge environment -where developmental needs are encouraged to arise from the employees themselves Barriers to/Problems in achieving Employee Commitment The barriers or difficulties in eliciting employee commitment stem from several sources. The most cited one is that of organisational focus on achieving short term performance goals at the expense of long term employee development, and low investment in building shared vision and community like schemas (Breukelen, 1996). This barrier is manifested more specifically in the role description and performance assessment criteria of middle managers that are both highly measurable and short term oriented. The leadership role that the middle manager needs to play in aligning individual goals with the organisational goals is often on a back burner (Shibata et al, 1991; Locke, 1976). Another barrier that follows is the potentially low importance given to: internal signals about reputation; managements demonstration of concern for employees vis-à  -vis concern for performance and; willingness of top management to be inclusive of views and opinions of employees. Such signals directly affect employee perception of their position in the organisational scheme of things. In context of the forms of commitment discussed before this can be about: being an integral part of the organisation contributing to something they value; feeling gratitude for what the organisation has offered to them and/or being tied in only for the direct benefits they receive from what is they perceive as their best choice as an employer given the risks of disassociation (Lawson and price, 2003; Johnson and Yang, 2010). It is clear that poorly managed signals can lead to lower levels of commitment or a sub-optimal balance between favourable and less favourable forms of commitment. Still another difficulty relates to the right kind of employees and the right kind of mix of employees that is created overtime. Lack strategic thinking on recruitment policies to align with the requirements of the organisation as a social milieu and as an economic entity may also create a mismatch betwee n the organisation and its employees (Allen and Seinko, 1997). The organisational appeal to the employees for contribution and performance is usually leveraged on explicit or implied tangible outcomes for the employee. This is a barrier in itself as it leads to sub-optimal performance outcomes. Psychological attachment led on the job performance by employees improves overall organisational performance. This is because the employee feels to have shared the outcome in a more socio-cognitive manner by having a feeling of belongingness (Bennett, 2000; William and Hazer, 1986). This right kind of commitment is also compromised by a legacy of rewards to tangible outcomes and target achievement vis-à  -vis say good citizenship behaviour (Wright, 2001). Barriers to or difficulties in employee commitment are also contextual, and have been of particular interest in extant research with reference to management of change (Strebel, 1996)*). In the case of the turnaround undertaken a t Lufthansa in early 1990s research has identified the emphasis on communication and capacitated middle managerial roles as crucial to sustaining and garnering employee commitment during the turnaround. A similar emphasis on employee commitment was seen at Saatchi and Saatchi for regaining a focus on its creative businesses portfolio albeit with a drive on aspects to do with the right signalling mechanisms to create greater trust (Mintzberg et al., 1990) getting it had been seen at Saatchi and Saatchi but with an emphasis (Mintzberg et al, 2003)change. The difficulties identified in light of the above instances, because of which the relevant drivers of commitment were focussed upon, fall under what are identified as generic barriers to employee commitment in times of change. These are ‘disruptions to relationship; threat of statuses; the desire to retain status-quo and; ‘tangible benefits related adverse consequences (Bennett, 2000:127,128). Different forms of c ommitment are affected differently in times of change, and overall commitment and its impact on change itself is a function of existing levels and combination of the different forms. The nature of business and industry culture also influence such an impact. However, there is some consensus in research that the initial levels of commitment, if not overtly led by the form of ‘continuance commitment, tend to contribute affirmatively to change (Zell, 2001:78; Caldwell, 1990). Conclusions It has been clearly established that the different forms of commitment demand a balancing act by managers so that a right mix is arrived at. While ‘continuance commitment is one form that is not seen in very positively light- it is also a lever to be engaged when an organisation wants quick and organisation-wide uptake and sanction for initiatives. That affective and normative commitment should lead the mix is irrefutable. However, initial dispositions of the employees, the legacy of organisational human resource strategy, and the social and culture milieu influence and pre-ordain a lot of what can be done to influence such a mix (Caldwell, 1990). Garnering employee commitment is a process that requires time and conscious effort, and because it is not (usually) subjected to measurement, managerial roles and tasks oriented towards it suffer because of the â€Å"objectivity of performance parameters† that are set for managers (Allen and Meyer, 1990: 4). Advanc es in measurement of employee commitment, and in predictive models that provide a cause effect relationship to inform the highly socio-cognitive arena of employee commitment, have changed this scheme of things. A better interface with the field of motivation, task mandates (foci), and understanding of the bases behind forms has also matured in research. This has bridged the gap between theory and practice. Middle managers are becoming very central to employee commitment related initiatives. The ever important top management sanction for investment in time and resources towards employee commitment is also at an all-time high. This is particularly because of the present recessionary times where the pressures of change and adaptation have amplified the difficulties in and importance of harnessing and sustaining employee commitment. References Allen, N.J. Meyer, J.P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63: 1-8. Allen, P. Seinko, S. (1997). A comparison of contingent and core workers perceptions of their jobs characteristics and motivational properties. S.A.M. Advanced Management Journal, Summer 1997, 62 (3): 4-12 Bennett, H. (2000). The effects of organizational change on employee psychological attachment. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15: 126-148. Breukelen, J.W.M. Van (1996). Organizational commitment in perspective. Gedrag en Organisatie, 9:145-166. Caldwell, D.F., Chatman, J.A. OReilly, C.A. (1990). Building organizational commitment: A multi-firm study. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63: 245-261. Johnson, R.E. Yang, Liu-Yang (2010). Commitment and Motivation at Work: The relevance of employee identity and regulatory focus. Academy of Management Review, 35(2): 226-245. Kre isman, B. (2002). Insights into Employee Retention, Commitment and Motivation [Online] Available at: https://www.insightsvancouver.com/PDFs/Employee%20Commitment-Retention%20White%20Paper%5B1%5D.pdf [Accessed 31 October 2010]. Lawson, E. Price, C. (2003). The Psychology of change management. McKinsey Quarterly, 2: 30-36. Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In M, D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology. Chicago: Rand-McNally, 1297-1349 Meyer, J.P. Herscovitch, L. (2001). Commitment in work-place: Towards a general model. Human Resource Management Review, 11:299-326. Meyer, J., Becker, T. Vandenberghe, C.(2004). Employees Commitment and Motivation: A Conceptual Analysis and Integrative Model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(6): 991-1007 Mintzberg, H., Ahlstrand, B. Lampel, J. (1998) Strategy Safari: A guided tour through the wilds of strategic management, The Free Press, New York, 1998, 234-321. Mo rris, M., Lydka, H. OCreevy, M.F. (1993). Can commitment be managed? A longitudinal analysis of employee commitment and human resource policies. Human Resource Management Journal, 3 (3): 21-29. Shibata, G. TSE. D., Vertinsky, I. Wehrung, D. (1991) Do norms of decision-making styles, organisational design and management affect performance of Japanese firms? An exploratory study of medium and large firms. Managerial and Decision Economics, 12(2): 135-146. Strebel, P. (1996). Why do employees resist change? Harvard Business Review, 74: 86-88. Sugarman, B. (2001). A learning-based approach to organizational change: Some results and guidelines. Organizational Dynamics, 30: 62-77. Vandenberg, R. J. Scarpello, V. (1994). A longitudinal assessment of the determinant relationship between employee commitments to the occupation and the organization. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15: 535-547. Vanderberghe, C., Bentein, K., Michan, R., Checat, J., Tremblay, M. Fils, J. (2007). An examination of the perceived support and employee commitment in an employee-customer encounters. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92: 1177-1187. Williams, L. J. Hazer, J. T. (1986). Antecedents and consequences of satisfaction and commitment in turnover models: A re-analysis using latent variable structural equations models. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 219-231. Wright, B. (2001). Public-Sector Work Motivation: A Review of the Current Literature and a Revised Conceptual Model. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 11 :(4). Zell, D. (2001). Overcoming barriers to work innovations: lessons learned at Hewlett-Packard. Organizational Dynamics, 30: 77-87.