Thursday, December 26, 2019

Police Integrity And Ethics Law Enforcement - 1127 Words

The Criminal Justice System is just like every other agency or corporation ever. Police integrity and ethics are fundamental to effective policing and helps with building trust within communities. Sound conduct by police improves the community interactions, enhances communication, and promotes shared responsibility for addressing crime and disorder. (USDOJ, 2014) Restoring ethics starts from the beginning, and that is too look harder into the employees or officers that you are going to hire. The thing is that it is much harder than it sounds. People can change or lie on their interviews. So you will never be able to fully prevent every person who might break ethical codes from entering into law enforcement. What you need to do first is let all new officers be aware of what they are getting themselves into. New officers need to know that no profession demands a higher ethical standard than law enforcement. Whether or not there are other careers that require a similar dedication to doing the right thing, it is undeniable that there is a tremendous degree of expectations placed upon police officers. Every officer knows, or at least should know by now, that they live in a fishbowl. Friends, relatives, neighbors and strangers watch every move law enforcement officers make, both on and off duty. The fact is that the public scrutinizes police officers more than most other professions, either because they are cynical or hope to catch them screwing up or because they are hopefulShow MoreRelatedCriminal Justice: Ethics and Integrity676 Words   |  3 PagesEthics and integrity are important to a police chief or county sheriff in a number of ways. First, ethics and integrity assist a police chief or a county sheriff to recruit the best officers who can work in their departments. It is only thro ugh application of the principles of ethics and integrity that a police chief or a county sheriff can identify these qualities in the potential applicants, and use them in the recruitment process. Second, ethics and integrity are important to a police chief orRead MoreEthics : Defining Police Ethics1455 Words   |  6 PagesPolice ethics play a major role in law enforcement today, ethics are fundamental towards helping law enforcement build trust within communities, provide public safety, and stop crime. Into today’s law enforcement, ethics is posing a major role with police corruption and police brutality. Police brutality has also been amplified majorly though the force multiplier or as we better know as the â€Å"media†. Defining police ethics come down to good police officer to bad police officer, or living by theRead MoreThe Law Enforcement System And The Criminal Justice System Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesThe Law enforcement system is one of the major comp onents within the Criminal Justice System. According to the National Center for Victims of Crime (2008), The Law enforcement system plays a critical key role within the Criminal Justice system, since â€Å"Law enforcement officers take reports for crimes that happen in the area, then the officers investigate crimes and both gather and protect evidence, officers may arrest offenders, give testimony during the court process, and conduct follow up investigationsRead MoreDefining Police Ethics And Ethics1044 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: Defining Police Ethics Defining Police Ethics Juan C. Sanchez American Public University, CMRJ 308 August 23, 2015 In today’s society, professional values and ethics play a very important role in law enforcement. In order to lead a successful career in the police force, a person must have a strong principle of value and a great knowledge of what ethics. Any person in law enforcement that chooses not to follow the principles of value and ethics will most likely not haveRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma of a Police Officer Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesDilemma of a Police Officer Professions are guided by codes of ethics to aid them in performance of their duties and to ensure maintenance of high standards of conduct. Police officers are faced with a maze of obligations in the performance of their official duties. The â€Å"Law Enforcement Code of Ethics† and â€Å"Canons of Police Ethics† were created to make explicit the conduct considered appropriate for police officers and to guide them in the performance of their duties. Although police have these guidesRead MoreEthical Issues Affecting Society Is Its Lack Of Ethics And Standards1234 Words   |  5 Pageslack of ethics and standards. Ethical standards determine moral conduct. No matter where one looks, the erosion of ethics and basic moral principles of right and wrong have taken us to the point where trust in our institutions and the very systems that make our society work are in imminent danger of oblivion. Ethical dilemmas are not clear choices between breaking the law and being law -abiding; they are at times complex moral mazes with no easy answers (Luftig Ouellette, 2009). The law often incorporatesRead MoreEthics and Law Enforcement: Ethical Conduct for Police Officers676 Words   |  3 PagesEthical Conduct for Police Officers Ethics among police officers is critical to maintaining law and order in a democratic society. Whether responding, investigating, interrogating, interviewing, or handling evidence, police interface directly with citizens and possess a great deal of power (Borello, 2012). When they are corrupt or otherwise unethical, it compromises balance and safety in a community and in society as a whole. Ethical behavior helps instill public trust in the systems and policiesRead MoreShould A Police Officer Conduct Affected His Job?981 Words   |  4 PagesUnfortunately, nobody is perfect, and police officers also make wrong decisions that could jeopardize the integrity of their police department. Often people do something that they know is wrong. However, they still do it because they feel no harm will come to them or they think nobody would ever find out. For instance, cheating on a test is wrong, but people do it because they think they can get away without the professor finding out. There was a case where a police officer conduct affected his job.Read MoreEssay on Ethics in Policing824 Words   |  4 PagesEthics in Policing CJS/210 November 1, 2009 William Whitlatch, Instructor Ethics in Policing According to Webster’s Dictionary, ethics is defined â€Å"as the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation† (Merriam-Webster Online). This concept is prevalent in the world of police work since police officers are supposed to be the â€Å"good† in whatever is considered a â€Å"bad† situation. Many police departments offer training in ethics during the time in whichRead MorePolice Codes Of Conduct And Police Code Of Ethics1560 Words   |  7 Pages Police officers are held to a higher standard than most members in society and the community they serve. Not only must they observe and abide by the common law of the land, there are additional rules and principles they must abide by. This is illustrated in the police officer s code of conduct and police code of ethics. Many police departments have their own code of conduct which are to be followed by the officers. Just like any other profession, there are no fool p roof rules and standards.

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Radio Frequency Identification ( Rfid ) - 1582 Words

Table of Contents Introduction 2 What is RFID? 2 RFID in Supply chain management 2 How has RFID implementation improved Supply chain performance at Wal-Mart 3 Impact of RFID technology on SCM Effectiveness – Food Industry in Iran 3 Short comings of RFID 5 Future of RFID 5 References 6 Introduction In this paper we will discuss how Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) influences the role and importance of supply chain management in organizations. This paper will also discuss the prospective evidence that use of RFID will be widespread throughout the industry. What is RFID? Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) uses Radio Frequency electromagnetic energy that can be transmitted and can be used to read the†¦show more content†¦Supply chain activities include product development, sourcing, production, logistics as well as the information systems to coordinate and manage these activities. It is the management of flow of goods, storage of raw materials, work in process inventory and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption. Few companies that deal with supply chain management are Walmart, Unilever, McDonald’s, Amazon, Procter and Gamble, Samsung Electronics, Cisco, Intel among others. In any industry, new technologies are employed in order to reduce the burden in terms of cost and wastage. This is the sole purpose of Supply chain management. Before selecting or implementing any technology the organization has to verify its feasibility from the starting point to the ending point. RFID has created a wave of speculation as it has dramatically reduced the cost in supply chains as well as rise in rendering unique services. Customers love it when the products delivered are intact in quantity and quality. And organizations can benefit only if the customers are happy and can be retained. Supply chain management becomes especially difficult when it is with respect to perishable goods and goods with short term expiry. Challenges faced are specifically due to the variety in the number of products in terms of keeping track of the products and providing essential control to maintain temperature during the supply chain process and maintaining

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Management concept free essay sample

Management is a worldwide phenomenon and is therefore a popular and widely applied term. Management involves all kinds of organizations, whether they are political, business, social or cultural because it aids and provides directions for reaching a specific goal through the efforts of the people working in an organization. Management is an activity with a definite purpose or aim. It is an activity which gives direction to the people’s endeavors for accomplishing specific set aims in an organization. It is a method of working jointly with your own efforts and through others in an organization in order to accomplish its goals by utilizing minimum reserves in this transforming world. There are plenty of chances that these goals may change from one organization to another. For instance, new products may be launched by one enterprise through market analysis whereas the other enterprise may try to maximize their profits by reducing their rates. Management is an art of knowing what to do, when to do and see that it is done in the best and cheapest way. Management involves creating an internal environment and hence, it makes use of different aspects of production. Hence, it is the management’s duty to make the environment favorable so that the people can put in their best efforts in order to do their jobs effectively and capably. This involves the easy access of raw materials, resolving the issue of wages and salaries, forming certain rules and regulations and so on. Hence, good management involves working effectively and efficiently too. To work effectively denotes doing the task properly i. e. , matching the square pegs and round pegs in their respective holes. To be efficient signifies ensuring the task is done properly with minimum cost and wasting resources. Management as a Process Generally, those processes which are performed by managers are called management processes. Management refers to a sequence of functions which are related with each other. It is the procedure through which management can operate, direct and also create a goal-oriented organization by carrying on human efforts systematically, in a synchronized manner and through great cooperation with each other. Managers are commonly involved in planning, organizing, directing, motivating, controlling and decision-making. These processes are also termed as organizational processes because they go beyond an individual manager and affect the entire organization. The term management is explained in different ways. For example, it is said that management is what management does. Here, management is explained with reference to its basic functions which include planning, organizing, coordinating and controlling. Similarly, management is described as a process which involves various elements. Management process is a continuous one and is run by the managers functioning at different levels. Management is now recognized as a distinct process in which managers plan, organize, lead, motivate and control human efforts in order to achieve well defined goals. In fact, process means a series of activities/operations undertaken/conducted for achieving a specific objective. Process is a systematic way of doing things. For example, in a factory there is a production process. Similarly, in the management process, resources and human efforts are used in an orderly manner for achieving specific objectives. The management process suggests functions to be performed by the managers. Definition of Management Process 1. According to D. E. McFarland, Management is the distinct process by which the managers create, direct, maintain and operate purposive organization through systematic, co-coordinated and cooperative human efforts†. 2. According to George R. Terry, â€Å"Management is a distinct process consisting of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling, performed to determine and accomplish stated objective by the use of human beings and other resources† 3. According to Henry Fayo, To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to co-ordinate and to control. 4. According to Lawrence A. Apply, Management is the development of people and not the direction of things. Management is the personnel administration. 5. According to Horold Kanontz, Management is the art of getting things done through and with the people in formally organized groups. 6. According to Stanley Vance, Management is simply the process of decision making and control over the action of human beings for the express purpose of attaining pre-determined goals. Functions of Management The essential elements/components of Management Process are- a. Planning and decision making b. Organizing c. Staffing d. Motivating e. Leading f. Controlling management in organization. The elements in the management process are actually the basic functions of management these functions constitute the management process in practice. Management process is in fact, management in practice. This process suggests what a manager is supposed to, do or the basic functions that he has to perform while managing the job assigned to him. The following figures show the management process and the elements involved: Planning in Management Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do, why to do, where to do and who will be responsible for doing is planning. Determination of the objectives of business, splitting of objectives into goals for each department of the organization and formulating policies, programs, procedures rules and regulations and budget are the important steps involved in planning. Planning is a process which involves the determination of future course of action, i. e. why an action, how to take an action, and when to take action are main subjects of planning. Planning Definition Planning bridges the gap from where we are to where we want to go. It makes it possible for things to occur which would not otherwise happen. -Koontzon and ODnel. Planning may be broadly defined as a concept of executive action that embodies the skill of anticipating, influencing, and controlling the nature and direction of change. McFarland Importance of Planning 1. Planning increases the organizations ability to adapt to future eventualities: The future is generally uncertain and things are likely to change with the passage of time. The uncertainty is augmented with an increase in the time dimension. With such a rise in uncertainty there is generally a corresponding increase in the alternative courses of action from which a selection must be made. The planning activity provides a systematic approach to the consideration of such future uncertainties and eventualities and the planning of activities in terms of what is likely to happen. 2. Planning helps crystallize objectives: The first step in planning is to fix objectives which will give direction to the activities to be performed. This step focuses attention on the iesults desired. A proper definition and integration of overall and departmental objectives would result in more co-ordinate inter-departmental activities and a greater chance of attaining the overall objectives. 3. Planning ensures a relatedness among decisions: A crystallization of objectives as mentioned above would lead to a relatedness among the decisions which would otherwise have been random. Decisions of the managers are related to each other and ultimately towards the goals or objectives of the enterprise. Creativity and innovation of individuals is thus harnessed towards a more effective management of the company. 4. Planning helps the company to remain more competitive in its industry: Planning may suggest the addition of a new line of products, changes in the methods of operation, a better identification of customer needs and segmentation and timely expansion of plant capacity all of which render the company better fitted to meet the inroads of competition. 5. Adequate planning reduces unnecessary pressures of immediacy: If activities are not properly planned in anticipation of what is likely to happen, pressures will be exerted to achieve certain results immediately or a in a hurry. Thus adequate planning supplies orderliness and avoids unnecessary pressures. 6. Planning reduces mistakes and oversights: Although mistakes cannot be entirely obviated, they can certainly be reduced through proper planning. 7. Planning ensures a more productive use of the organizations resources: By avoiding wasted effort in terms of men, money and machinery, adequate planning results in greater productivity through a better utilization of the resources available to the organization. 8. Planning makes control easier: The crystallization of objectives and goals simplify and highlight the controls required. Planning enables the identification of future problems and makes it possible to provide for such contingencies. 9. Planning can help the organization secure a better position or standing: Adequate planning would stimulate improvements in terms of the opportunities available. 10. Planning enables the organization to progress in the manner considered most suitable by its management: Management, for example, may be interested in stability and moderate profits rather than huge profits and risk of instability. In terms of its objectives, the plan would ensure the actions are taken to achieve such objectives. 11. Planning increases the effectiveness of a manager: As his goals are made clearer, adequate planning would help the manager in deciding upon the most appropriate act. Features of planning Planning is a primary function of management Planning is pervasive Planning is continuous Planning is a mental exercise Planning focuses on achieving objectives Planning is futuristic Planning involves decision making Planning Process Setting objectives: Objectives may be set for the entire organization and each department or unit within the organization. Developing premises: Planning is concerned with the future which is uncertain and every planner is using conjecture about what might happen in future. Identifying alternative courses of action: Once objectives are set, assumptions are made. Then the next step would be to act upon them. Evaluating alternative courses: The next step is to weigh the pros and cons of each alternative. Selecting an alternative: This is the real point of decision making. The best plan has to be adopted and implemented. Implement the plan: This is concerned with putting the plan into action. Follow-up action: Monitoring the plans are equally important to ensure that objectives are achieved. Management Planning Principles Planning is a dynamic process, it is very essential for every organization to achieve their ultimate goals, but, there are certain principles which are essential to be followed so as to formulate a sound plan. They are only guidelines in the formulation and implementation of plans. These principles are as follows: 1. Principle of Contribution: The purpose of planning is to ensure the effective and efficient achievement of corporate objectives, in-fact, the basic criteria for the formulation of plans are to achieve the ultimate Objectives of the company. The accomplishment of the objectives always depends on the soundness of plans and the adequate amount of contribution of company towards the same. 2. Principle of Sound and Consistent Premising: Premises are the assumptions regarding the environmental forces like economic and market conditions, social, political, legal and cultural aspects, competitors actions, etc. These are prevalent during the period of the implementation of plans. Hence, Plans are made on the basis of premises accordingly, and the future of the company depends on the soundness of plans they make so as to face the state of premises. 3. Principle of Limiting factors : The limiting factors are the lack of motivated employees, shortage of trained personnel, shortage of capital funds, government policy of price regulation, etc. The company requires to monitor all these factors and need to tackle the same in an efficient way so as to make a smooth way for the achievement of its ultimate objectives. 4. Principle of Commitment: A commitment is required to carry-on the business that is established. The planning shall has to be in such a way that the product diversification should encompass the particular period during which entire investment on that product is recovered. 5. Principle of Coordinated Planning: Long and short-range plans should be coordinated with one another to form an integrated plan, this is possible only when latter are derived from the former. Implementation of the long-range plan is regarded as contributing to the implementation of the short-range plan. functional plans of the company too should contribute to all others plans i. e. implementation of one plan should contribute to all the other plans, this is possible only when all plans are consistent with one another and are viewed as parts of an integrated corporate plan. 6. Principle of Timing: Number of major and minor plans of the organization should be arranged in a systematic manner. The plans should be arranged in a time hierarchy, initiation and completion of those plans should be clearly determined. 7. Principle of Efficiency: Cost of planning constitute human, physical and financial resources for their formulation and implementation as well. Minimizing the cost and achieving the efficient utilization of resources shall has to be the aim of the plans. Cost of plan formulation and implementation, in any case, should not exceed the organizations outputs monetary value. Employee satisfaction and development, and social standing of the organization are supposed to be considered while calculating the cost and benefits of plan. 8. Principle of Flexibility: Plans are supposed to be flexible to favor the organization to cope-up with the unexpected environments. It is always required to keep in mind that future will be different in actuality. Hence companies, therefore, require to prepare contingency plans which may be put into operation in response to the situations. 9. Principle of Navigational Change: Since the environment is always not the same as predicted, plans should be reviewed periodically. This may require changes in strategies, objectives, policies and programmers of the organization. The management should take all the necessary steps while reviewing the plans so that they efficiently achieve the ultimate goals of the organization. 10. Principle of Acceptance: Plans should be understood and accepted by the employees, since the successful implementation of plans requires the willingness and cooperative efforts from them. Communication also plays a crucial role in gaining the employee understanding and acceptance of the plans by removing their doubts and misunderstanding about the plans also their apprehensions and anxieties about consequences of plans for achievement of their personal goal. Types of Plans Objectives: Objectives are very basic to the organization and they are defined as ends which the management seeks to achieve by its operations. They serve as a guide for overall business planning. Strategy: strategy is a comprehensive plan for accomplishing an organization objectives. This comprehensive plan will include three dimensions, (a) determining long term objectives, (b) adopting a particular course of action, and (c) allocating resources necessary to achieve the objective. Policy: They are guides to managerial action and decisions in the implementation of strategy. Procedure: Procedures are routine steps on how to carry out activities. Procedures are specified steps to be followed in particular circumstances. Method: Methods provide the prescribed ways or manner in which a task has to be performed considering the objective. It deals with a task comprising one step of a procedure and specifies how this step is to be performed. Rule: Rules are specific statements that inform what is to be done. They do not allow for any flexibility or discretion. Programmer: Programmers are detailed statements about a project which outlines the objectives, policies, procedures, rules, tasks, human and physical resources required and the budget to implement any course of action. Budget: It is a plan which quantifies future facts and figures. It is a fundamental planning instrument in many organizations. Organizing in Management Organizing is the process of defining and grouping activities and establishing authority relationships among them to attain organizational objectives. Organizing Definition Organization is the process of identifying and grouping of the works to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and authority and establishing relationships for the purpose of enabling people to work most efficiently. Louis A. Allen Importance of Organizing Organizing is generally followed after the planning stage and is considered an important function of management. Management involves synchronizing and using the physical, human and fiscal resources effectively in order to succeed in an organization. Hence, in order for a concern to function properly, it is important that the organization functions well too. The organizational functions are performed well by a manager by the following methods: Specialization: The work of an organization is separated into units and departments through an organizational network of associations. This helps in getting specialization in different areas of work in an organization. Well-defined jobs: Organizational structure aids in getting the right people to do the job by choosing people in accordance with their skills, knowledge and qualifications for working in different departments of the organization. This aids in properly defining the work of an organization which further aids in explaining the responsibilities of each person. Clarifies authority: Organizational structure aids in helping the manager to understand each person’s role. This can be achieved in the manager being able to understand clearly how he has to use his powers. This aids in an increase in production as jobs and responsibilities that are well defined make the manager’s jobs much more efficient. Co-ordination: Organization is a process of establishing co-ordination amongst various departments and it also aids in defining relations amongst various positions and individuals assisting each other. If the managers at a higher level implement their power over the network of activities of managers at lower levels, it can bring about efficiency in work. Effective administration: The organizational structure aids in clarifying the positions of the jobs. The roles and responsibilities of different managers are well-defined and by dividing the work it is easy to achieve specialization. This further aids in an organization that is well-organized and efficient. Growth and diversification: A company’s development depends largely on its smooth functioning and efficiency. This can be achieved by defining clearly the roles to all the managers, achieving co-ordination between power and duties and focusing on specialization. Additionally, a company can expand if its capability increases and this is possible only through a well-defined organization and a formal pattern. Sense of security: Organizational structure defines the positions of the job and the manager’s roles. Only then, it is possible to achieve co-ordination. Hence, well-defined powers aid in inevitably augmenting mental fulfillment and a concern’s safety and this factor is very vital for fulfillment of any job. Scope for new changes: A manger can flourish his experience and knowledge only when the person’s roles and responsibilities are well-defined and he becomes independent. A manger can decide independently and this can effectively lead to adapting new methods of production. New changes in the working of an organization can be brought about only through a pattern of its structure. Organizing Process Division of work: The first process of Organizing includes identification and division of work which shall be done in accordance with the plans that are determined previously. Departmentation: Once the work of identifying and dividing the work has been done those are similar are to be grouped. Linking departments: When the process of departmentation was completed, linking of departments has to be done so that those departments operate in a co-ordinate manner which gives a shape to overall organization structure. Assigning Duties: On completion of departmentation process assigning duties i. e. defining authority and responsibility to the employees on the basis of their skills and capabilities has to be done, which in consequence magnifies efficiency with regard to their work. Defining hierarchal structure: Each employee should also know from whom he has to take orders and to whom he is accountable/responsible. Organization Structure Organization structure is the pattern of relationships among various components or parts of the organization which prescribes the relations among various activities and positions. An effective structure will result in increased profitability of the enterprise. whenever an enterprise grows in size or complexity it needs an adequate organization structure. Line Organization Structure: Hierarchy derived from a scalar process. Organization is quite simple in understanding and implementation. this does not offer scope for specialization. Line and Staff Organization Structure: Staff personnel generally specialists in their fields advice line managers to perform their duties. Staff personnel have right to recommend, but have no authority. Functional Organization: Grouping of activities on the basis of functions required for the achievement of ultimate objectives. Divisional Organization Structure: Several fairly self-contained autonomous units were created. Each unit was headed by a manager and is directly accountable to the organization. Staffing in Management Staffing is that part of the process of management which is concerned with acquiring, developing, employing, appraising, remunerating and retaining people so that right type of people are available at right positions and at right time in the organization. In the simplest terms, staffing is ‘putting people to jobs’. Staffing Definition Staffing is the function by which managers build an organization through the recruitment, selection, and development of individuals as capable employees McFarland Importance of Staffing Filling the Organizational positions Developing competencies to challenges Retaining personnel professionalism Optimum utilization of the human resources Staffing Process Analyzing Manpower requirements: It is making an analysis of work and estimating the manpower requirement to accomplish the same. Recruitment: It is identifying and attracting capable applicants for employment. it ends with the submission of applications by the aspirants. Selection: It is choosing the fit candidates from the applications received in the process of recruitment. Placement: This may be on probation and on successfully completion of the same the candidate may be offered permanent employment. Training and Development: It is concerned with imparting and developing specific skills for a particular purpose. Performance Appraisal: Systematic evaluation of personnel by superiors or others familiar with their performance so as to rank employees to ascertain their eligibility for promotions. Staffing Principles Principle of the purpose of Staffing: Qualified personnel who are able and keen to carry on organizational roles is the main purpose of managerial staffing. It is proved that lack of the said qualities leads to failure. Principle of Staffing: High managerial quality depends on clarity of defining organizational roles and human needs, good methods of managerial assessment and the training given to employees. Organizations without recognized job descriptions, efficient appraisals or any methods for training and development have to depend on outside resources to fill the managerial positions. Alternatively, organizations using individual’s potentials effectively in the enterprise are doing so by utilizing the systems methodology of staffing and human resource management. Principle of job definition: Precise identification of the managerial results is needed to define the magnitude of their positions. Organizational roles of people have different features such as pay, status, power, direction and the likelihood of achievement that makes managers to function well. Principles of Managerial Appraisal: Identification of the managerial activities and clarity of various objectives are needed for precise managerial appraisal against these criteria. The principle implies that the performance of managers is determined by the measurement of verifiable goals against the standards of managerial performance. Managerial appraisal takes into account the main managerial jobs such as planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. Principle of Open Competition: Encouragement of open competition amongst candidates for management positions depends entirely on the full commitment of an enterprise on quality management. Many firms have chosen managers with insufficient abilities because of breach of these principles. Good candidates who can be chosen from outside must be preferred rather than promoting candidates within the enterprise because of social pressures. Simultaneously, by using this principle, the enterprise is obliged to correctly evaluate its people by providing them with chances for growth. Principle of Management Training and Development: For achieving effective development programs and activities, it is important to integrate more managerial training and development with the management methods and objectives. According to the systems approach, the managerial functions, goals of the enterprise and the managers’ professional requirements are correlated with the training and growth efforts. Principle of Training Objectives: The training objectives must be stated correctly in order to achieve them. To aid the effectiveness of training efforts, it is necessary for analyzing training needs as the foundation for giving direction to development. This principle focuses on the importance of training for the needs of the enterprise and individual development. Principles of Ongoing Development: Managers must practice self-development as an ongoing process for fulfilling the commitment of an enterprise towards managerial excellence. This principle states that managers must continuously learn in the present day competitive environment. Managerial knowledge and approaches must be continuously updated and reexamined and their skills must be enhanced in order to get positive results in an enterprise. Motivation in Management Motivation is a means of inspiring people to perform in order to achieve their targets. In relation to work, some emotional factors that affect people’s attitude are the need for money, fame, appreciation, success, team work etc. The need to create eagerness in employees to perform well in their tasks is of utmost importance. Hence a leader’s job is to create performance related interest in employees to accomplish their tasks. Motivation in management describes ways in which managers promote productivity in their employees. It is the process through which managers build the desire to be productive and effective in their employees. Motivation Definition â€Å"Motivation is something (as a need or desire) that causes a person to act† -Websters dictionary Importance of Motivation Motivation is a very important for an organization because of the following benefits it provides:- Puts human resources into action Every concern requires physical, financial and human resources to accomplish the goals. It is through motivation that the human resources can be utilized by making full use of it. This can be done by building willingness in employees to work. This will help the enterprise in securing best possible utilization of resources. Improves level of efficiency of employees The level of a subordinate or a employee does not only depend upon his qualifications and abilities. For getting best of his work performance, the gap between ability and willingness has to be filled which helps in improving the level of performance of subordinates. This will result into- a) Increase in productivity, b) Reducing cost of operations, and c) Improving overall efficiency. Leads to achievement of organizational goals The goals of an enterprise can be achieved only when the following factors take place :- a) There is best possible utilization of resources, b) There is a co-operative work environment, c) The employees are goal-directed and they act in a purposive manner, d) Goals can be achieved if co-ordination and co-operation takes place simultaneously which can be effectively done through motivation. Builds friendly relationship Motivation is an important factor which brings employees satisfaction. This can be done by keeping into mind and framing an incentive plan for the benefit of the employees. This could initiate the following things: a) Monetary and non-monetary incentives, b) Promotion opportunities for employees, c) Disincentives for inefficient employees. In order to build a cordial, friendly atmosphere in a concern, the above steps should be taken by a manager. This would help in: a) Effective co-operation which brings stability, b) Industrial dispute and unrest in employees will reduce, c) The employees will be adaptable to the changes and there will be no resistance to the change, d) This will help in providing a smooth and sound concern in which individual interests will coincide with the organizational interests, e) This will result in profit maximization through increased productivity. Leads to stability of work force Stability of workforce is very important from the point of view of reputation and goodwill of a concern. The employees can remain loyal to the enterprise only when they have a feeling of participation in the management. The skills and efficiency of employees will always be of advantage to employees as well as employees. This will lead to a good public image in the market which will attract competent and qualified people into a concern. As it is said, â€Å"Old is gold† which suffices with the role of motivation here, the older the people, more the experience and their adjustment into a concern which can be of benefit to the enterprise. From the above discussion, we can say that motivation is an internal feeling which can be understood only by manager since he is in close contact with the employees. Needs, wants and desires are inter-related and they are the driving force to act. These needs can be understood by the manager and he can frame motivation plans accordingly. We can say that motivation therefore is a continuous process since motivation process is based on needs which are unlimited. The process has to be continued throughout. We can summarize by saying that motivation is important both to an individual and a business. Motivation is important to an individual as: 1. Motivation will help him achieve his personal goals. 2. If an individual is motivated, he will have job satisfaction. 3. Motivation will help in self-development of individual. 4. An individual would always gain by working with a dynamic team. Similarly, motivation is important to a business as: 1. The more motivated the employees are, the more empowered the team is. 2. The more is the team work and individual employee contribution, more profitable and successful is the business. 3. During period of amendments, there will be more adaptability and creativity. 4. Motivation will lead to an optimistic and challenging attitude at work place. Types of Motivation Some of the important types of motivation are as follows: Achievement Motivation: It is the drive to pursue and attain goals. An individual with achievement motivation wishes to achieve objectives and advance up on the ladder of success. Here, accomplishment is important for its own sake and not for the rewards that accompany it. This motivation is more important for professionals. Affiliation Motivation: It is a drive to relate to people on a social basis. Persons with affiliation motivation perform work better when they are complimented for their favorable attitudes and co-operation. This motiv

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini Research Paper Example

The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini Paper Afghanistan was once a place of beauty and enjoyment however since the Taliban new laws have been enforced, the country is slowly degrading. Using the codes and convention for non-print, print, non-fiction and fiction; to analysis how different texts manipulate similar issues to produce a similar message. All three of these texts, The Kite Runner by khaled Hosseini, Beneath the Veil by Saira Shah and â€Å"Execution of a teenage girl† from 4 Corners, all explore the main ideas of an Afghanistan life from different perspectives. Undoubtedly, these texts manipulate the specific aspects of their own genres in order to influence the audience response. Imagine having no freedom to go for a walk down the street or yet even leave your own home. This is the oppression of human rights for women, since the Taliban regime was introduced into Afghanistan women are now unable to look after themselves and have no independents. Women are seen as a lower class against men, this is an unjust society and every woman in the western world would be horrified if this was law in their country. The Kite Runner is a male dominated novel about the male’s role in an Afghanistan society, the lack of input of women in this novel reinforces the lack of women’s rights. Soraya raises the issue of oppression through her conflicting past. Although she knows now that her actions in Virginia were wrong, she wishes that this event was not going to haunt her for the rest of her life. Nevertheless Soraya’s character is strengthened by her own miss-actions. Through this text Soraya demonstrates a strong belief that the oppression of females is still occurrence in the Afghan community. Their sons go out to night clubs looking for meat and get their girlfriends†¦ Oh, they’re jut men having fun! I make one mistake†¦ and I have my face rubbed in it for the rest of my life. † This quote from Soraya highlights the stereotype that the Afghanistan community has against the women in Afghanistan however the men can go on rampages and no one in the Afghanis tan community will shake their heads in disproval. The Women’s Group of Afghanistan shows the daily routine of a woman life in Beneath the Veil. The title notifies the audience of how the women must hide themselves living beneath a veil. We will write a custom essay sample on The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The audience is shown the oppression of woman right when Saira Shah goes undercover. Doing this puts her self in great danger as now she is posing as an Afghani woman, not a foreign journalist. One of the many places the Revolutionary Group of the Women of Afghanistan (R. A. W. A) takes Saira Shah to is a secret local hidden from the Taliban. This is a school for girls, that is run by a female teacher that was banned from working once the Taliban regime was imposed. The running of this class is incredibly risky as quoted by the head female teacher â€Å"If they find out that were running a course here, they could hang us all†. This quote re-enforces the oppression of the females of Afghanistan as it tell the audience that girls over twelve are barred from going to school. Giving girls no education so that mean are seen as more upper class because they know how to read and write were female are not taught to keep the feeling of women a lower class minority group. With reference to the title â€Å"Execution of a teenage girl† the author creates an image of pain and death, by allowing the audience to picture a young girl getting executed. This also makes the audience think what her family and relatives were going through and if this unfortunate event ever happen in their own family how would they react. With using â€Å"girl† in the title it shows the western world the views of the Taliban against females. The using of this word singles out a population in Afghanistan that virtually have no rights at all. In most cases and in this particular case, a female was executed for sex outside marriage or adultery. However in these crimes two people have to play a part in this crime. Conversely it continuously seems that the male will constantly get a lighter punishment. As revealed in â€Å"Execution of a teenage girl† the teenage girl was humiliated then hung were the man only was received eighty lashes. Just from the title of this article the audience can raise many questions. Towards whether their own opinions on the article would be true or false. The imagery that 4 Corners has produced in this text really forces the audience to visualise the traumatic event that unfold on the teenage girl. An extract from the article quotes â€Å"a teenage girl was dragged through the town square† to her final destination before the ending of her life. In the minds of the audience it creates a dreadful scene of pain and anger, and immediately images flow into the audience of skin scrapping against the ground, the screeching screams from the young girl and the oblivious faces of the onlookers. This illustrates to the audience the oppression of female rights by the humility of the ‘dragging’ which presents the audience to feeling that this young teenage girl is unworthy of being in her own country or on earth at all. The western audience has a certain stereotypy of the Taliban, with authors knowing this fact the texts have been manipulated for the audience response to the text by using various techniques to enhance the audience view on the Afghanistan culture, mostly highlighting the negative aspects of the Taliban. â€Å"We just wanted to show how much misery the Taliban policies are causing the Afghan people. Now the same policies have caused misery to the entire world†. Is how Saira Shah opens her documentary, a bold statement of the vast effect the Taliban has had on Afghanistan and the world. The first opening footage of Beneath the Veil is manipulated to shock and disgust the audience. The audience is shown in slow motion the execution that is taking place on a soccer field during halftime. The manipulation of the camera is what gives the opening its desired effect. The slow motion of the execution creates suspense as the audience knows what the end result will be; however stay in tune with the documentary until it blacks out at the climax of the shot. Leaving the audience curious about the actions she has committed to deserve such an act of humility against her. On every occasion that the Taliban is shown in this documentary in a negative way, hidden cameras have to be utilized as for the use of cameras around Taliban is forbidden. The applications of a hidden camera depict to the audience the risk of filming such an event and suggest to the audience that the control the Taliban has over its own country. This is why the Taliban has forced the preventing any evidence of the inhumane practices been shown to the rest of the world. Saira Shah, shows the emotion to draw her audience into the terror of the Taliban. The act of her using children in her documentary exemplifies her point of the Taliban’s destruction. Children are represented as innocence and pure so when quotes are used from actual children it makes the audience empathise and feel sympathy towards the children who cannot control the day to day occurrences. This text makes the audience visual the painful and suffering of children by the by the vast number of children that share the same or similar traumatic events. The gruesome execution of a teenage girl provides the audience with an insight into how corrupt and stern the Taliban regime has become. The author of â€Å"Execution of a Teenage Girl† uses emotive language to position the audience into thinking negatively towards the Taliban. It is described to the audience that those who knew Atefah Sahaaleh knew has as normal but needy teenager who had suffered a lot of tragedy in her life and was just looking for some one to love her. Which brings sorrow to the audience because the author positions the girl as being innocent and suffering for her loses, though this girl would know that she has obviously broken laws which the Taliban have enforced. This is enlighten to the audience by the author suggesting that the fifty year old was the one to persuade the young girl into a relationship by giving the audience the feeling that this preyed on young girls such as Atefah Sahaaleh. This makes the Taliban unjust to the sentencing of this young girl to deaf because the man was the predator and was the one to start the relationship. Afghanistan is describes in The Kite Runner as a beautiful place in Amir’s eyes from a young age. However since the Amir and Baba left for America the Taliban had already started to destroy the natural beauty of Afghanistan. The author depicts this change in the setting of Afghanistan to show the audience the negative result of the Taliban taking over power. Towards the end of the book Amir tells his driver that â€Å"I feel like a stranger in my own country† this creates a picture in the audience’s mind of the drastic measures the Taliban has taken to over rule a country, that someone who grew but in Afghanistan and lived there for around eighteen years cannot recognize many parts of his old country. This has a negative effect on the audience as this feeling of losing something precious to yourself; most of the audience could relate to losing precious item or memory. This in turn makes the audience angry at the actions of the Taliban. Since the Taliban have taken over Afghanistan this country has started to fall. The new laws that have been in placed are over all barbaric. There is no wonder why the western world see the Taliban as a stringent authoritarian group at causes misery at every coner they turn. In the western world every person has the right for the opportunity to go to school, get their first job and be free and independent. This is an opportunity missed by most Afghan women and it breaks the audience hearts to see some of the mistreating and the humility of the women of Afghanistan.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

The smart way to job hunt while you have a job

The smart way to job hunt while you have a job It’s easier to job hunt if you have a job. It’s a maxim, but it’s backed up: statistics have shown that employers are more likely to hire people who already have jobs, and a 2017 survey by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York determined that about 23% of job seekers are already employed. So if you’re ready for a job change and hoping to join that group, how do you go about it?6 tips for looking for a new job while still on the jobBe discreetThis should be obvious, but it should always be top-of-mind as you look for a new gig. If your boss finds out that you’re unhappy and looking, that can make your current situation very uncomfortable- very fast. So make sure you’re keeping everything on the DL; no griping loudly about how much you hate this place, no telling everyone but your boss that you’re halfway out the door.It may be that you need references for your job hunt, and as mentioned, you probably can’t tell your boss. So what about other colleagues? Choose carefully. Select one or two people who can speak to your abilities and professional skills, but who will also be discreet. Office gossips need not apply. And make sure that when you talk to this person, you emphasize that you need them to be discreet and not tell anyone else that you’re thinking about your exit plan. Most people get it- remember, 23% of employed people are out looking for new opportunities, and turnover is a fact of life at virtually every company. If you’re not sure that someone is entirely trustworthy, don’t risk it. Go outside the company for a reference.You  still  have  to  work  while  at  workDon’t spend your time combing job search sites while you’re supposed to be working. Many employers have full access to everything you search online while using company devices, so if you wouldn’t want your IT department handing a list of links to your boss, don’t spend your wor k day scanning job sites.Instead, use your own phone or tablet during lunch, or on other breaks.Don’t use your work email address as a contact for new job leadsIdeally, you have a respectable name@[anyemaildomain].com account set up for your personal use. That’s what you should use for your job search because again, you don’t want your job hunt to become public knowledge, and your work emails are typically the property of your employer.Schedule interviews outside of work hours whenever possibleThis can be tricky, because business hours are when most hiring work is done. But if a late-day or early morning interview just isn’t possible, we’ve all done the â€Å"I have a dentist appointment† fib to go to an interview.Don’t telegraph that you’re interviewingWhen you’re leaving for that â€Å"dentist appointment,† it’s a pretty big tip-off if you just happen to be wearing your best suit. If you can, change outsi de the office after you leave and before you get back.Don’t start slacking at your current jobWhen you’re focused on the future, it can be tempting to do less now. That will almost definitely backfire. If your standard of work drops, you risk causing damage to your reputation. And if you don’t get that new job right away, you’re stuck with the consequences of that in your everyday professional life. It’s a kind of self-sabotage. So even though you may be frustrated or unhappy about your current situation, do as much as you can to maintain the status quo while you figure out your next steps. Don’t forget, you may need these colleagues as references or part of your network later on, so don’t burn bridges now.Looking for a job while you have a job is common, and it can be challenging, with what feels like cloak-and-dagger activity. But if you’re able to balance your current work with your stealth search on the side, it’ll b e even sweeter when you find that perfect new opportunity.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Free Essays on The Patriot Act

The only thing more disgusting than the terror that occurred on September 11, 2001, was the public reaction to it, and, more specifically President Bush’s abuse of public and international goodwill and his new policies as a result. After the â€Å"honeymoon† period when this entire country seemed to come together with a common goal and with all differences put aside, the media, the government, and most of the private sector became a pack of hyenas, leaping on every opportunity to exploit the situation. Television networks added the stars and stripes to their logos, and every storefront in and out of New York proclaimed that â€Å"These Colors Don’t Run.† People began measuring patriotism in terms of over-the-top displays of national symbols, rather than genuine national pride. Then came the ultimatums: â€Å"If you don’t support each and every policy of our President, then you don’t support the country, and you are not a patriot.† We w ere told, in the name of vague indefinables, that patriotism and political support couldn’t be mutually exclusive. Yard signs began springing up: â€Å"I support President Bush and Our Troops.† Questions like â€Å"do you support the war? No? How could you not support our brave soldiers?† made us believe that it was impossible to support the men and women fighting overseas, without necessarily supporting the cause they were fighting for or the policies of their Commander-in-Chief. Bush redefined the word â€Å"patriotism,† and, in quite a contradictory fashion, appealed to notions of freedom and liberty to defend his reduction of both. Then, once the general public and the commercial community had hopped on the bandwagon of blind, unquestioning patriotism, President Bush really dropped the bomb. Forty-five days after the atrocity, congress, with almost no debate or dissent, passed what is now known as the Patriot Act. Under the guise of increasing law enforcement agencies’ capacities for counterter... Free Essays on The Patriot Act Free Essays on The Patriot Act The only thing more disgusting than the terror that occurred on September 11, 2001, was the public reaction to it, and, more specifically President Bush’s abuse of public and international goodwill and his new policies as a result. After the â€Å"honeymoon† period when this entire country seemed to come together with a common goal and with all differences put aside, the media, the government, and most of the private sector became a pack of hyenas, leaping on every opportunity to exploit the situation. Television networks added the stars and stripes to their logos, and every storefront in and out of New York proclaimed that â€Å"These Colors Don’t Run.† People began measuring patriotism in terms of over-the-top displays of national symbols, rather than genuine national pride. Then came the ultimatums: â€Å"If you don’t support each and every policy of our President, then you don’t support the country, and you are not a patriot.† We w ere told, in the name of vague indefinables, that patriotism and political support couldn’t be mutually exclusive. Yard signs began springing up: â€Å"I support President Bush and Our Troops.† Questions like â€Å"do you support the war? No? How could you not support our brave soldiers?† made us believe that it was impossible to support the men and women fighting overseas, without necessarily supporting the cause they were fighting for or the policies of their Commander-in-Chief. Bush redefined the word â€Å"patriotism,† and, in quite a contradictory fashion, appealed to notions of freedom and liberty to defend his reduction of both. Then, once the general public and the commercial community had hopped on the bandwagon of blind, unquestioning patriotism, President Bush really dropped the bomb. Forty-five days after the atrocity, congress, with almost no debate or dissent, passed what is now known as the Patriot Act. Under the guise of increasing law enforcement agencies’ capacities for counterter...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Essay about the biography of Leonardo da Vinci

About the biography of Leonardo da Vinci - Essay Example On the art front, there were great artists such as Michelangelo, artist and sculptor who was famous for his sculpting of â€Å"David† and the â€Å"Pieta’ and the frescos on the ceiling of God and man- Raphael, Botticelli, Titian and the unforgettable genius Leonardo da Vinci who has touched our lives in every possible aspect. Leonardo Da Vinci, (April 15th, 1452 – May 2nd 1519) was most famously known as the â€Å"Renaissance man† and the most gifted and multi- faceted person of his time or for that matter ever to have lived. Leonardo was most famous as a well renowned artist but besides this he was a scientist, inventor, botanist, painter, sculptor, engineer, writer and musician. In the words of da Vinci, â€Å"Iron rusts from disuse; stagnant water loses its purity and in cold weather becomes frozen; even so, does inaction sap the vigor of the mind†. (da Vinci Leonardo) – these words of Leonardo da Vinci throw light on this colossus of the Renaissance Age. Leonardo da Vinci embodies the virtues of this great epoch of history, which enriched humanity for ages to come. Leonardo was born out of wedlock to a wealthy Florentine notary and a peasant girl on April 15, 1452. His father, Piero da Vinci took the young boy under his wings and soon had him working as an apprentice under the great Florentine painter, Verocchio. Leonardo assisted him in painting â€Å"the Baptism of Christ† (1470) in which the angel kneeling on the left has been painted by him. After spending six years under the tutelage of Verocchio, Leonardo, in 1472, entered the painters’ guild in Florence and was soon being commissioned to work independently. Speaking on how to judge a painting, da Vinci was supposed to have quoted, â€Å"When you paint look at your work in a mirror; when you see it reversed, it will appear to you like some other painters work and you will be a better judge of its faults. (Leonardo da Vinci) This was the way he judged his works. In 1482, Leonardo moved to Milan